Main description:

This book examines the current status of mHealth development, regulations and the social background in Japan, South Korea and China, comparing it to the situation in the United States and the European Union and consider solutions to issues surrounding mHealth.
The recent progress in mobile technology, represented by smartphones and smart watches, has been remarkable. A service called mobile health (mHealth), which uses such mobile technology to manage health, is also becoming a reality. Although the accuracy of medical devices is not as accurate as those used in medicine, the biometric information such as heart rate and SpO2 can already be monitored over a long period of time. Although the technology is maturing to the point where it can be implemented in society, it remains an unapproved service of medical care in most countries. The development and social implementation of mHealth is most active in the US, but social implementation is gradually progressing in other countries as well. In this book, we will first discuss what kind of global and harmonized regulations are desirable by comparing the regulatory reforms necessary for social implementation of mHealth. In addition, mHealth raises privacy concerns in the US because the usual behavior and biometric information of subjects is utilized by private companies. In addition, it is important to note that the behavior and biometric information of subjects collected by smart devices is automatically analyzed by AI technology, mainly machine learning, which makes the analysis a black box.

Contents:

Global scale comparison of mHealth regulation
Chapter 1 Introduction of the concept of AI in the field of mHealth while discovering the trends in mHealth research field
1.1 Introduction1.2 Definition of AI handled in this Book1.3 Literature Review1.4 Methods1.4.1 Bibliometric Analysis1.4.2 Data collection1.4.3 Data Analysis1.5 Results1.5.1 Number of Publications in the mHealth Field1.5.2 Number of Publications in Countries and Regions1.5.3 Partnering Networks of countries and Regions1.5.4 Top Journals in the mHealth Field1.5.5 Top Keywords and Networks of mHealth Publications1.5.6 Chronological Trends of mHealth Publication in Countries and Regions1.6 Discussion1.7 Conclusion
Chapter 2 Relationship of Innovation and Regulation on mHealth
2.1 Introduction2.1.1 Background of Mobile Health Development2.1.2 Innovation in mHealth2.1.3 The Objective of This Research2.1.4 Theoretical Framework2.2 Methods2.2.1 Research on Regulations2.3 Results2.3.1 Regulatory Transition in USA2.4 Discussion2.4.1 Interactive Regulator2.4.2 Medical Entrepreneur2.4.3 Current Challenges and Future Perspective2.5 Limitations2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3 The Current Situation of Mobile Health in China from the Perspective of Policy, Application, and User Acceptance: A Multi-Method Systematic Analysis
3.1 Introduction3.1.1 The Burden of Disease and the Current State of Healthcare in China3.1.2 Healthcare Reform in China3.1.3 Mobile Health3.1.4 Objective3.2 Method3.2.1 Data Collection3.2.2 Data analysis3.3 Results3.3.1 Summary Analysis of China's mHealth Policies3.3.2 Current Status of Mobile Health Applications in China3.3.3 The User Acceptance of Mobile Health in China3.4.2 Factors that Affect the Use of Mobile Health Technology3.4.3 Policy Recommendations3.5 Limitations
Chapter 4 Digital Healthcare Development and mHealth in South Korea 4.1 Introduction4.2 Healthcare Industry with Aging Population Surrounding South Korea4.3 Healthcare-retaled Policies in the US and EU4.3.1 US Policy4.3.2 EU Policy4.4 Digital Healthcare Policy and Development in South Korea4.4.1 EMR as the Foundation of Healthcare - Introduction of EMR in South Korea4.4.2 Healthcare-related Policies in South Korea4.5 mHealth in South Korea4.6 Status of mHealth Business in South Korea4.6.1 mHealth through Public Private Partnership (PPP)4.7 Mobile Healthcare Service Provided by Public Health Centers4.7.1 Mobile Healthcare Service Provided by Public Healthcare Centres for High-Risk PeopleDiscussion of mHealth development with case studies4.7.2 Mobile Healthcare Service Provided by Public Health Centers for Senior4.7.3 Mobile Healthcare Service Provided by Public Health Centers for Youth4.8 COVID-19 and mHealth in South Korea4.8.1 Immigration Management4.8.2 Self-quarantine Monitoring Application4.8.3 Management of COVID-19 Positive Individuals4.9 South Korea mHealth Model Driving by Government4.10 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Regulations and the Status of Social Implementation of Services on mHealth in Japan
5.1 Introduction5.2 Types of Existing mHealth Application and Examples5.2.1 Behavior Change Communication5.2.2 Information System / Data Collection5.2.3 Logistics / Supply Management5.2.4 Service Delivery5.2.5 Financial transactions and Incentives5.2.6 Workforce Development and Support at Health Care Facilities5.3 Healthcare System of Japan5.3.1 Overview of Japanese Healthcare System5.3.2 The Pharmaceutical Affairs Law5.3.3 Status of the Consideration of Medical Insurance System Reform in Japan5.4 Status of mHealth Development and Approval as Medical Devices in Japan5.4.1 Current Regulatory Framework5.4.2 Regulatory Approvals of Stand-alone Programs as Regulated Medical Devices5.5 Political and Social Initiatives for Health Promotion in Japan5.6 Examples of mHealth Used for Health Promotion in Japan5.6.1 Overview of Health Promotion Apps5.6.2 Example of Broader Use of Health Promotion mHealthCombination with Life Insurance5.7 responses of Japanese Pharmaceutical Companies to mHealth5.7.1 Better Control on Medication: Sensors Embedded in Tablets (Medication control) Connected to Smartphones5.7.2 Development of mHealth Business as a Treatment Option Complementing Treatments by Chemical Drugs5.7.3 mHealth Use in Clinical Trials and Clinical Research in the Area of Commercial Interest from Pharmaceutical Business's Perspective5.7.4 mHealth as Part of a Comprehensive Healthcare Services Proposed by Pharmaceutical Companies in the Fields Where Companies Have Been Providing Pharmaceutical5.7.5 Investigation of the Presence or Absence of a Shift of Interest from Pharmaceuticals to Medical Devices Among Major Japanese Pharmaceutical Companies5.8 Status of Readiness to Utilize Public Healthcare Big Data5.9 The State of Japanese Startups in the mHealth Industry5.10 Conclusion
Chapter 6 Precision Public Health and the Role of mHealth : The Use of Smartphone Applications Worldwide in Mitigating the Covid19 Pandemic and Their Integration as Components of Public Health Policies. A Focus on the French Example
6.1 Public Health, Individual Health, One health and Precision Public Health6.1.1 Individual Health and the Health of Populations6.1.2 The Articulation Between Individual and Population Level6.1.3 Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Health: Individual, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health6.1.4 The Concept of Precision Public Health vs that of P4 Medicine6.1.5 The Specific Place of Communicable Diseases - an Archetype for Reasoning and Decision-Making and Evolution Towards the One Health Model6.2 Guarantee the Conditions of Individual Health and the Health of Populations6.2.1 Public Policies of Health or Policies of Public Health?6.2.2 Society of Insurance, Risk-based Society and Sanitization of Society6.2.3 Places of Industry, the Private Sector and the Concept of Innovation in Health Policies6.3 Example of the Covid19 Pandemic6.3.1 Historical and General Context6.3.2 Beginning and Development of the Pandemic6.3.3 First Public Health Measures Taken6.4 How Were the Information and Decision-making Systems in Place Before the Pandemic, in Terms of Decision Support?6.4.1 The Count of Deaths, Identification of the Medical Causes of Death and the Associated Determinants6.5 States of Emergency: the Parallel Between Existing and Ad hoc Information Systems, and Usual and Ad hoc Policy Measures6.6 Contact Tracing Applications and Policy Measures for Pandemic Control6.6.1 A Call for the Use of Smartphones from Several Countries and Several Communities6.6.2 Use of smartphones and network data - mobility data6.6.3 Use of Smartphones for Personal Information6.6.4 Using Smartphones for Contact Tracing6.7 What Political Measures Have Been Deployed? A Typology6.7.1 Closure of Certain stores / Public Places6.7.2 Closure of Schools6.7.3 Isolation, Quarantine and Confinement6.7.4 Regional, National and International Travel Restrictions6.7.5 The Tools Used for These Measures, the Use of Technology6.8 A Panorama of Applications in Several Countries6.8.1 Main Initial Intended Uses of the Applications6.8.2 Main Characteristics of These Applications Depending on the Country6.8.3 Changes in the use of Applications Over Time6.9 Contact Tracing Applications Seen as Innovations in Health, the case of France6.9.1 Precision Applications and Public Health - a Synchronous Prototype on a Global Scale?6.9.2 Public or Private?6.9.3 What Regulations Have the Applications Had to Comply with?6.10 Evaluate a Priori the Actual Benefit of the Applications6.10.1 Necessary Coverage, Equipment Rate of Target Populations6.10.2 Determinants of Intent to Use Applications6.10.3 Determinants of Application Use6.11 State of Exception, Exception Status for Applications?6.12 Innovation, Precision Public Health and Societies6.12.1 A First Attempt that May Cause Concern: Innovate with Old Things, and Ignoring Known Good Practices6.12.2 Different Political Regimes, But Few Differences in the Use of Applications?6.12.3 Applications as an Example of the Use of Technology as a Neutral, Non-Scientific Mediator of Biopolitical Actions
Chapter 7 Summary of the First Half and the Possibilities and Problems Related to mHealth in the Later Chapters
7.1 Summary of the First Half Chapter of the Book7.1.1 Challenges and Possibilities Faced by Implementation of mHealth7.1.2 International Trends and Development of mHealth Research7.1.3 Health Care Entrepreneurship with the Development of Policy and Regulations7.1.4 mHealth Research Trends and Policy Regulations in China7.1.5 mHealth Trends and Advancements in Korea from the Perspectives of Policy and Regulations7.1.6 Trends and Development of mHealth in Japan7.1.7 Connection Between Public Health and mHealth During the Pandemic in France7.2 Coordinating the Challenges and Solutions for the Development of mHealth Implementation Worldwide7.3 Possibilities of the development and Future Perspectives inmHealth7.3.1 Possibility and Developments of Labor Management with the Implementation of mHealth7.3.2 Expansion of Value Distribution Range with mHealth from the Entertainment Perspective7.3.3 mHealth Development of the Perspectives from Preventive Medicine7.4 Implication of the Book
Discussion of mHealth development with case studies
Chapter 8 mHealth as a Component of Next Generation Healthcare
8.1 Relationship Between Future Social Issues and Mobile Health (mHealth)8.2 Societal Conditions for the Use of Medical/health Big Data8.2.1 Societal Conditions and Prospects of Electronic Health Records (EHRs)8.2.2 Prospects of Personal Health Records (PHRs)8.2.3 Future Use of EHR/PHR and mHealth8.3 Established Wearable Devices (in market) and Their Reliability8.3.1 Research Trends of Wearable Devices in Healthcare8.3.2 Example of Physically Flexible Wearable Devices8.3.3 Future of Wearable Devices as mHealth Components8.4 Prospects of Using Virtual Reality (VR)8.5 Prospects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)8.5.1 Use of AI/ML as Technological Components8.5.2 Use of AI/ML in Regulated Circumstances8.6 Consideration on Medical Intervention from a Distance8.6.1 Effect of New Infectious Diseases on Medical Intervention from a Distance or Control of Epidemic8.6.2 Prospects of the Control of Mental Diseases from a Distance8.7 Trends of mHealth Providers as Regulated Medical Devices - Example in the US8.8 Early Detection of Diseases from the Data-science Aspect8.8.1. Prospects of Early Detection of Seizures8.8.2 Early Detection of COVID-198.8.3 Early Detection of Other Infectious Diseases8.8.4 Future Prospects of Early Detection8.9 Consideration of Unmet Medical Needs and Cost-effectiveness of mHealth8.10 Conclusion
Chapter 9 mHealth's Potential for Measuring Work Attitudes in Psychological and Physical Factors
9.1 Introduction9.1.1 Workplace Health Environment After a Pandemic9.1.2 Background of Mobile Health Measurement9.1.3 Heart Rate Measurement and Measurement Methods9.1.4 Construction Environment for Workers9.1.5 Objective of This Research9.2 Measurement Methods Using Mobile Tools9.2.1 Devices and Systems Used for the Measurements9.2.2 Participating Workers9.2.3 Measurement Parameters9.2.4 Study Protocol9.2.5. Data Acquisition9.2.6. Risk Model and Validity of Variables9.3 Results of Worker Measurements Measured by the mHealth Device9.3.1 Characteristics of the Measured Participants9.3.1.1 Analysis of Relationship between ACC and %HRR by Workers9.3.1.2 Analysis of Relationship between ACC and %HRR by Workers' Age9.3.1.3 Analysis of Relationship between ACC and %HRR by Workers' BMI9.3.1.4 Analysis of Relationship between ACC and %HRR by Workers' WBGT9.3.2 Logistic Regression Model for Workers' Health Risk9.4 Discussion9.4.1 Construction Workers' Health Risk9.4.2 Future Prospects for Understanding Construction Workers and mHealth9.5. Limitations9.6 Conclusion
Chapter 10 mHealth Beyond Healthcare -Fusion Approach Towards Better Wellness-
10.1 The Use of mHealth in the Medical Healthcare Sector10.1.1 mHealth for Disease Care10.1.2 mHealth for Non-medical Healthcare10.1.3 mHealth for Wellness10.2 mHealth Beyond Medicine: Pokemon GO as a Case of Entertainment10.2.1 Introduction10.2.2 Key Characteristics10.2.2.1 Increased Physical Activities10.2.2.2 Enhanced Communication and Social Connectedness10.2.2.3 Key Challenges and Perspectives10.3 Discussion and Future Outlook10.3.1 Innovation Process10.3.2 Modes of Innovation10.3.3 Innovation Dynamics10.4 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11 Mobile Health for Preventive Healthcare
11.1 Introduction11.2 Preventive Healthcare11.3 Health Literacy11.4 Self-Monitoring Device for Self-management11.5 Development of Communication Tools for Healthcare Support11.6 The Evidence of mHealth for Preventive Healthcare11.6.1 Hypertension11.6.2 Diabetes and Obesity11.6.3 Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases11.7 Presenteeism as a Candidate of New Parameter for mHealth11.8 Conclusion and Subsequent Steps
Chapter 12 Overall Summary
12.1 The Future of Digital Healthcare Systems12.1.1 Medical Digital Data and Its Handling12.2 Digital Innovation Platform for Mobile Health12.2.1 Optimising the Cost-benefit Balance in Regulatory Compliance12.2.2 Innovation Path to Foster Innovative Technologies12.2.3 Exclusive Reach to Specific Needs12.2.4 Establishing Platform Leadership12.3 Limitations and Future Perspectives