Main description:

This book provides a modern, hands-on guide to the essential concepts and ideas for analyzing data with missing observations in the field of biostatistics. It acknowledges the limitations of established techniques and provides concrete applications of newly developed methods. It covers traditional techniques for missing data inference including likelihood-based, weighted GEE, multiple imputation, and Bayesian methods and applies the methodology to rapidly developing areas of research. The book is ideal for courses on biostatistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels and for health science researchers and applied statisticians.

Contents:

List of Figures xv List of Tables xvii Preface xix Introduction xxi 1 Missing Data Concepts and Motivating Examples 1 1.1 Overview of Missing Data Problem 1 1.2 Mechanisms 3 1.3 Data examples 8 2 Overview of Methods for Dealing with Missing Data 19 2.1 Methods that remove observations 20 2.2 Methods that utilize all available data 21 2.3 Methods that impute missing values 22 3 Design Considerations in the Presence of Missing Data 31 3.1 Design factors related to missing data 32 3.2 Strategies for limiting missing data in the design of clinical trials 33 3.3 Strategies for limiting missing data in the conduct of clinical trials 34 3.4 Minimize the impact of missing data 35 3.5 Sample size and power consideration in the presence of missing data 36 4 Cross-sectional Data Methods 41 4.1 Overview of General Methods 41 4.2 Data Examples 42 4.3 Maximum Likelihood Approach 44 4.4 Bayesian Methods 61 4.5 Multiple Imputation 71 4.6 Inverse Probability Weighting 76 4.7 Weighted Estimating Equation Approaches 79 4.8 Doubly Robust Estimators 80 4.9 Additional Theories 83 5 Longitudinal Data Methods 97 5.1 Overview of Chapter 97 5.2 Examples 98 5.3 Longitudinal Regression Models for Complete Data 101 5.4 Missing Data Settings and Simple Methods 111 5.5 Likelihood Approach 112 5.6 Weighted GEE (WEE) with MAR Dropout 117 5.7 Extension to Nonmonotone Missingness 123 5.8 Multiple Imputation (MI) 125 5.9 Bayesian Inference 139 5.10 Other Approaches 141 5.11 Appendix: Technical Details 149 6 Survival Analysis under Ignorable Missingness 153 6.1 Overview of the chapter 153 6.2 Introductions 154 6.3 Enhanced complete-case analysis 157 6.4 Weighted methods 159 6.5 Imputation methods 168 6.6 Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation 171 6.7 Transformation model 172 6.8 Pathways study 174 6.9 Concluding remarks 175 7 Nonignorable Missingness 177 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Cross-sectional data: selection model 179 7.3 Longitudinal data with dropout 180 7.4 Bayesian analysis for GLMs 191 7.5 Multiple imputation 195 7.6 Inverse probability weighted methods 199 8 Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials with Non-Compliance 215 8.1 Overview of the chapter 215 8.2 Examples 217 8.3 Some Common but Naive Methods 218 8.4 Notations, Assumptions, and Causal Definitions 220 8.5 Method of Instrumental Variables 223 8.6 Another Moment-based Method 224 8.7 Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Method 227 8.8 Noncompliance and Missing Some Outcome Data 232 8.9 Analysis of the Two Examples 241 8.10 Other Methods for Dealing with both Noncompliance and Missingdata 242 8.11 Appendix: Multivariate Delta Method 243