Main description:

Provides cutting–edge advances in biologically inspired,biomimetically–designed materials and systems for developing thenext generation of nanobiomaterials and tissue engineering

Humans have been trying to learn biomimetics for centuries bymimicking nature and its behaviors and processes in order todevelop novel materials, structures, devices, and technologies. Themost substantial benefits of biomimetics will likely be in humanmedical applications, such as developing bioprosthetics that mimicreal limbs and sensor–based biochips that interface with the humanbrain to assist in hearing and sight.

Biomimetics: Advancing Nanobiomaterials and TissueEngineering seeks to compile all aspects of biomimetics, fromfundamental principles to current technological advances, alongwith future trends in the development of nanoscale biomaterials andtissue engineering.

The book details research, useful in inspiring new ideas, thatseeks the principles and rules implemented by nature, such asself–assembly, a bottom–up approach in which molecular structuresare assembled with little or no external intervention to generatenano, micro, and macro structures.

Other subjects covered in the book include:

• Cartilage tissue engineering as an emerging technology


• The fabrication methods of nanofibrous scaffolds and theirpotential utility in bone tissue engineering applications


• Dental and craniofacial tissue engineering with bioactivepolymers and bionanomaterials


• Strategies to prevent bacterial adhesion on biomaterials


• The latest achievements in biomimetic ECM scaffolds preparedfrom cultured cells


• Graphene oxide and graphene as promising scaffoldmaterials


• Stem cells as a source for building tissues or organs in thelaboratory

Readership
The book is intended for a wide audience including researchers,students, and industrial experts working in the fields of, but notlimited to, materials science and engineering, biomaterials,bioengineering, cell biology, biomedical sciences, tissueengineering, nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine.

Back cover:

Provides cutting–edge advances in biologically inspired,biomimetically–designed materials and systems for developing thenext generation of nanobiomaterials and tissue engineering

Humans have been trying to learn biomimetics for centuries bymimicking nature and its behaviors and processes in order todevelop novel materials, structures, devices, and technologies. Themost substantial benefits of biomimetics will likely be in humanmedical applications, such as developing bioprosthetics that mimicreal limbs and sensor–based biochips that interface with the humanbrain to assist in hearing and sight.

Biomimetics: Advancing Nanobiomaterials and TissueEngineering seeks to compile all aspects of biomimetics, fromfundamental principles to current technological advances, alongwith future trends in the development of nanoscale biomaterials andtissue engineering.

The book details research, useful in inspiring new ideas, thatseeks the principles and rules implemented by nature, such asself–assembly, a bottom–up approach in which molecular structuresare assembled with little or no external intervention to generatenano, micro, and macro structures.

Other subjects covered in the book include:

• Cartilage tissue engineering as an emerging technology


• The fabrication methods of nanofibrous scaffolds and theirpotential utility in bone tissue engineering applications


• Dental and craniofacial tissue engineering with bioactivepolymers and bionanomaterials


• Strategies to prevent bacterial adhesion on biomaterials


• The latest achievements in biomimetic ECM scaffolds preparedfrom cultured cells


• Graphene oxide and graphene as promising scaffoldmaterials


• Stem cells as a source for building tissues or organs in thelaboratory

Readership
The book is intended for a wide audience including researchers,students, and industrial experts working in the fields of, but notlimited to, materials science and engineering, biomaterials,bioengineering, cell biology, biomedical sciences, tissueengineering, nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanomedicine.

Contents:

List of Contributors xvii

Preface xix

Acknowledgements xxi

1 Biomimetic Polysaccharides and Derivatives for CartilageTissue Regeneration 1
Ferdous Khan and Sheikh Ra Ahmad

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Strategies for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 3

1.3 Designing Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 4

1.4 Natural Polysaccharides for Cartilage Tissue Engineering8

1.5 Conclusions and Remarks on Prospects 17

References 18

2 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self–Assembled MineralizedCollagen–Based Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering 23
Xiumei Wang, Zhixu Liu and Fuzhai Cui

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Hierarchical Assembly of Mineralized CollagenFibrils inNatural Bone 25

2.3 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self–AssembledMineralized Fibrils34

2.4 Applications of Mineralized Collagen–basedComposites forBone Regeneration 40

2.5 Concluding Remarks 44

References 45

3 Biomimetic Mineralization of Hydrogel Biomaterials for BoneTissue Engineering 51
Timothy E.L. Douglas, Elzbieta Pamula andSander C.G.Leeuwenburgh

3.1 Introduction 51

3.2 Incorporation of Inorganic Calcium PhosphateNanoparticlesinto Hydrogels 52

3.3 Biomimetic Mineralization in Calciumand/orPhosphate–Containing Solutions 56

3.4 Enzymatically–Induced Mineralization UsingAlkalinePhosphatase (ALP) 58

3.5 Enhancement of Hydrogel MineralizationUsingBiomacromolecules 60

3.6 Conclusions 62

References 63

4 Biomimetic Nano brous Scaffolds for Bone TissueEngineering Applications 69
Robert J. Kane and Peter X. Ma

4.2 Self–Assembled Nano ber Scaffolds 73

4.3 Electrospun Scaffolds 75

4.4 Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Scaffolds 80

4.5 Overall Trends in Biomimetic Scaffold Design 84

References 85

5 Bioactive Polymers and Nanobiomaterials Composites for BoneTissue Engineering 91
Ferdous Khan and Sheikh Ra Ahmad

5.1 Introduction 92

5.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic3DPolymer–Nanocomposites Scaffolds 93

5.3 Nonbiodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites 96

5.4 Biodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites 102

5.5 Conclusions and Future Remarks 112

References

6 Strategy for a Biomimetic paradigm in Dental andCraniofacial Tissue Engineering
Mona K. Mareil, Naglaa B. Nagy, Mona M. Saad, Samer H.Zaky, Rania M. Elbackly, Ahmad M. Eweida and Mohamed A.Alkhodary

6.1 Introduction 120

6.2 Biomimetics: De nition and Historical Background121

6.3 Developmental Biology in Dental and Craniofacial TissueEngineering: Biomimetics in Development and Growth (e.g. model ofwound healing) 127

6.4 The Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering: BiomimeticApproaches to Stimulate Endogenous Repair and Regeneration 132

6.5 Extracellular Matrix Nano–Biomimetics for CraniofacialTissue Engineering 136

6.6 Biomimetic Surfaces, Implications for Dental andCraniofacial Regeneration; Biomaterial as

6.7 Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, and Inosculation forLife–Sustained Regenerative Therapy; The Platform for Biomimicry inDental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering 143

6.8 Conclusion 149

Acknowledgements 150

References 150

7 Strategies to Prevent Bacterial Adhesion on Biomaterials163
Indu Bajpai and Bikramjit Basu

7.1 Introduction 164

7.2 Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells 166

7.3 Closure 194

Acknowledgement 195

References 195

8 Nanostructured Selenium A NovelBiologically–Inspired Material for Antibacterial Medical DeviceApplications 203
Qi Wang and Thomas J. Webster

8.1 Bacterial Bio lm Infections on Implant Materials204

8.2 Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Implant Applications 206

8.3 Selenium and Nanostructured Selenium 208

8.4 Selenium Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications209

8.5 Summary and Outlook 215

References 216

9 Hydroxyapatite–Biodegradable Polymer NanocompositeMicrospheres Toward Injectable Cell Scaffold 221
SyujiFujii, Masahiro Okada and Tsutomu Furuzono

9.1 Introduction 222

9.2 Pickering Emulsion 223

9.3 Fabrication of HAp–Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres byPickering Emulsion Method 226

9.4 Evaluation of Cell Adhesion Properties of HAp–BiodegradablePolymer Nanocomposite Microspheres 234

9.5 Application of HAp–Biodegradable Polymer NanocompositeMicrospheres as an Injectable Scaffold 235

9.6 Degradation Behavior of HAp–Biodegradable PolymerNanocomposite Microspheres 237

9.7 Conclusions 238

Acknowledgments 238

References 239

10 Biomimetic ECM Scaffolds Prepared from Cultured Cells243
Guoping Chen, HongxuLu and Naoki Kawazoe

10.1 Introduction 243

10.2 Cultured Cell–Derived ECM Porous Scaffolds 245

10.3 Autologous ECM Scaffolds 247

10.4 Application of Cultured Cell–Derived ECM Scaffolds 249

10.5 Summary 250

References 251

11 Design and Synthesis of Photoreactive Polymersfor Biomedical Applications 253
PonnurengamSivakumar Malliappan, Di Zhou, Tae IlSon2 and Yoshihiro Ito

11.1 Introduction 253

11.2 UV–Reactive Biological Polymers 254

11.3 UV–Reactive Synthetic Polymers 263

11.4 Visible Light–Reactive Biopolymer Systems 270

11.5 Conclusions 274

References 274

12 The Emerging Applications of Graphene Oxide and Graphenein Tissue Engineering 279
Samad Ahadian, Murugan Ramalingam and AliKhademhosseini

12.1 Introduction 280

12.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic GO/Graphene Materials283

12.3 Graphene Oxide and its Cell and TE Applications 284

12.4 Graphene and Its Cell and TE Applications 287

12.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 292

Acknowledgement 295

References 295

13 Biomimetic Preparation and Morphology Control ofMesoporous Silica 301
Qiang Cai

13.1 Introduction 302

13.2 Biomineralization and Biomimic Synthesis 302

13.3 Mesoporous Silica 306

13.4 Biomimic Preparation and Morphology Control of MesoporousSilica 312

13.5 Conclusion and Prospective 324

References 325

14 Biomimetic Materials for Engineering Stem Cells andTissues 329
Kaarunya Sampathkumar,Azadeh Seidi, Alok Srivastava, T.S. Sampath Kumar, SeeramRamakrishna and Murugan Ramalingam

14.1 Introduction 330

14.2 Fabrication of Biomimetic Materials 331

14.3 Surface Modi cation 335

14.4 Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues 337

14.5 Concluding Remarks 341

Acknowledgements 342

References