Main description:

A comprehensive introduction to the art and science of applying phonetics to clinical transcription
Clinical Phonetics was written specifically for readers who need to know phonetic knowledge and skills for clinical purposes in speech-language pathology. It covers the basic aspects of the phonetics of American English, including phonetic symbols, articulatory descriptions, and acoustic correlates, but it is unique in offering clinically relevant experience with authentic articulatory descriptions and speech samples from children and adults who have speech disorders or who use regional dialects. A wealth of clinically relevant topics further aids readers in preparing for their own transcription experiences as professionals.

Now featuring the insights and expertise of two new co-authors, the 5th Edition retains its focus on clinical applications while offering more opportunities for clinical transcription, significantly updated content, and an improved organization to maximize clarity and ease of learning.
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Contents:

Table of Contents

About the Authors
Preface

Chapter 1 Overview of Clinical Phonetics

Welcome
Clinical Phonetics

The Knowledge Domain of Clinical Phonetics
The Skill-Based Domain of Clinical Phonetics
Conclusion

Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 2 Linguistic Phonetics

Language, Speech, and Dialect
The Morpheme
The Phoneme
Spelling versus Phonetic Transcription
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Phonemes and Allophones
Phonetics and Phonology
The Syllable
Positional and Contextual Terminology for Phonetic Descriptions
Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 3 The Three Systems of Speech Production

The Respiratory System
The Laryngeal System
The Supralaryngeal System

Velopharynx: Velum and Pharyngeal Walls
Jaw
Tongue
Lips

Technologies for the Study of Phonetics

X-ray Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Electromagnetic Articulography
Ultrasound
Electropalatography
Fiberoptic Endoscopy
Aerodynamic Analysis
Acoustic Analysis

Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 4 Vowels: Monophthongs and Diphthongs

Vowel Articulation

Tongue Height
Tongue Advancement (the Front-Back Dimension of Tongue Position)
Tenseness or Length
Lip Configuration
Vowel Description: Tongue Height, Tongue Advancement, Tenseness, and Lip Rounding

The Front Vowels

Vowel /i/ (He)
Vowel /8/ (Hid)
Vowel /3/ (Chaotic-First Syllable)
Vowel /2/ (Head)
Vowel /q/ (Had)

The Back Vowels

Vowel /u/ (Who)
Vowel /7/ (Hook)
Vowel /o/ (Hoe)
Vowel /9/ (Hall)
Vowel /e/ (Hot)

The Central Vowels

Vowel /4/ (Hub)
Vowel /1/ (Above, Sometimes Called Schwa)
Vowel /6/ (Her)
Vowel /5/ (Mother, Sometimes Called Schwar)

Diphthong Articulation

Diphthong /e]/ (Bye)
Diphthong /9]/ (Boy)
Diphthong /e[/ (Bough)
Diphthong /3]/ (Bay)
Diphthong /o[/ (Bow)

R-colored Vowels

R-colored Vowel /e r/ (Far)
R-colored Vowel /9 r/ (Four)
R-colored Vowel /8 r/ (Fear)
R-colored Vowel /2 r/ (Fair)

Special Notes on the Phonetic Properties of Vowels

Some Cautions about Vowel Terminology
Tongue and Jaw Interaction
Lip and Jaw Interaction

Some Common Articulatory Modifications of English Vowels

Nasalization
Reduction
Other Modifications

Allographs of English Vowels
Frequency of Occurrence for English Vowels
Vowels around the World
The Acoustic Properties of Vowels

The Vocal Tract as a Resonator
Primary Acoustic Properties of Vowels

Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 5 Consonants

Manner of Articulation

Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Nasals
Liquids
Glides

Place of Articulation

Bilabials
Labiodentals
Interdentals (or Dentals)
Alveolars
Palatals
Velars
Glottals

The Voicing Contrast
Summary of Manner, Place, and Voicing

Manner of Articulation
Place of Articulation and Voicing

Allographs of the Consonant Phonemes of English
Frequency of Occurrence and Place of Articulation
Summary Classification of Consonants
Consonant Acoustics

Acoustic Features of Consonant Classes
Sounds in Sequence

Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 6 Suprasegmentals and Prosody

The Units of Prosody

Syllables

The Prosodic Foot

The Intonational Phrase
Intonation

Stress

Lexical Stress
Stress beyond the Word Level

Timing

Tempo
Pause (Juncture)
Boundary or Edge Effects

Timing, Juncture, and Intonation Symbols

Lengthened [s iQ]
Shortened [w i W]
Close Juncture [e] d 8 d 8 t]
Open Juncture [1 n e] s + m q n] versus [1 n + e] s m q n]
Internal Open Juncture [l 2 t s h 2 l p R j 3] n]
Falling Terminal Juncture [t 7 d 3] T]
Rising Terminal Juncture [t 7 d 3] Y]
Checked or Held Juncture [t 7 d 3] U]
Selected Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet

Paralinguistics
Examples of Prosodic Variations

Motherese
Clear Speech
Other Prosodic Variations

Role of Prosody in Typical and Atypical Development of Speech and Language
Clinical Assessment of Suprasegmentals

Prosody Profile (PROP)
Prosody-Voice Screening Profile (PVSP)

Profiling Elements of Prosodic Systems-Child Version (PEPS-C)
Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 7 Narrow Transcription

Coarticulation
Uses of Narrow Transcription
Conventions for Diacritic Marks in This Text
Onglide and Offglide Symbols
Nasal Symbols

Nasalized [b q! d]
Nasal Emission [s@ m e] l]
Denasalized [r q# n]

Lip Symbols

Rounded (or Protruded) Vowel [s w i$ t]
Unrounded (or Unprotruded) Vowel [h u% ]
Labialized Consonant [k^ w i n]
Nonlabialized Consonant [w& i d]
Inverted Lip [b* i n]

Tongue Symbols

Dentalized [w 8 dI ']
Palatalized [sO i l]
Lateralized [sP l i p]
Retroflex (or Rhotacized) [h e r c{ 5]
Velarized [f i l}]
Fronted or Advanced [p e E t]
Retracted [b qA t]
Raised [b 2F d]
Lowered [h 2G d]
Derhotacized [rK 2 d]

Sound Source Symbols

Partially Voiced [q b sL 1 n t]
Partially Devoiced [d 9 g:]
Glottalized (or Creaky Voice) [b e" k s]
Breathy (or Murmured) [p l 3Z] 8 a]
Whistled (or Hissed) [sC i]
Trilled [th rV e]]

Syllabic Symbol
Stop Release Symbols

Aspirated [t( e p]
Unaspirated [s t) e p]
Unreleased [l q p_]
Frictionalized (or Spirantized) [s tX e p]

Other Symbols

Synchronic Tie [d+z u]
Unintelligible Syllable [\]
Questionable Segment e| or =|

Conclusion
Chapter Summary Exercises

Chapter 8 Practicing Broad and Narrow Phonetic Transcription of Children's Speech

Part A: Transcription of Vowel Sound Changes

Background Information
Training Modules

Vowels Module 1: Vowel Substitutions
Vowels Module 2: Vowel Modifications
Vowels Module 3: Central Vowels

Vowels Module 4: Vowel Substitutions, Modifications, and Central Vowels
Vowels Module 5: Vowel Additions
Vowels Module 6: Vowel Lengthening
Vowels Module 7: Vowel Nasalization
Vowels Module 8: Summary Quiz

Part B: Transcription of Stop Sound Changes

Background Information

Description of Stops

Training Modules

Stops Module 1: Stop Substitutions
Stops Module 2: Voicing of Voiceless Stops
Stops Module 3: Devoicing of Voiced Stops
Stops Module 4: Glottal Stop Substitutions
Stops Module 5: Stop Deletions
Stops Module 6: Frictionalized Stops
Stops Module 7: Summary Quiz

Part C: Transcription of Nasal Sound Changes

Background Information

Description and Distribution of Nasals

Training Modules

Nasals Module 1: Nasal Deletions
Nasals Module 2: Summary Quiz

Part D: Transcription of Fricative and Affricate Sound Changes

Background Information

Description of Fricatives
Distribution and Frequency of Occurrence of Fricatives

Training Modules

Overview
Fricatives and Affricates Module 1: /f/ and /v/ Changes
Fricatives and Affricates Module 2: /h/ Deletions
Fricatives and Affricates Module 3: Voiceless and Voiced Interdental Changes
Fricatives and Affricates Module 4: Fricative and Affricate Voicing Changes
Fricatives and Affricates Module 5: Fricative and Affricate Substitutions
Fricatives and Affricates Module 6: Dentalized Sibilants
Fricatives and Affricates Module 7: Lateralized Sibilants
Fricatives and Affricates Module 8: Retroflexed and Palatalized Sibilants
Fricatives and Affricates Module 9: Sibilants Quiz
Fricatives and Affricates Module 10: Summary Quiz

Part E: Transcription of Glide and Liquid Sound Changes

Background Information

Description of Glides and Liquids
Distribution and Frequency

Training Modules

Glides and Liquids Module 1: Glide Changes
Glides and Liquids Module 2: /l/ Substitutions
Glides and Liquids Module 3: Velarized /l/
Glides and Liquids Module 4: Derhotacized /r/, /6/, /5/
Glides and Liquids Module 5: /r/ Quiz
Glides and Liquids Module 6: Velarized /r/
Glides and Liquids Module 7: Summary Quiz

Grand Quiz

Chapter 9 Preparing to Collect and Transcribe Clinical Speech Samples

Eliciting and Recording Speech Samples

Eliciting the Sample
The Recording Environment
Recording Equipment

Factors that Influence Scoring and Transcription

Client Factors
Task Factors

Approaches to Clinical Transcription and Scoring

Transcription and Scoring Systems
What Level of Detail Should Be Represented?

The Process of Scoring or Transcription

Should I Use Video Recording?
Should I Use Headphones?
Should I Preview the Recording?
What if I'm Not Sure What I'm Hearing?
How Many Times Should I Listen?
What Are Some Strategies for Difficult Words?
Some Final Suggestions

Conclusion

Chapter 10 Phonetics in the Clinical Setting

Single-Word Tests of Articulation and Phonology
Transcribing Nonwords
Two-Way Scoring and Deep Testing
Two-Way Scoring in Larger Speech Samples

Scoring /s/ in Continuous Speech
Scoring Rhotics in Continuous Speech

Transcription in Larger Speech Samples

Transcribing Imitated Phrases
Transcribing Read Sentences
Transcribing All Sounds in Continuous Speech

Transcribing Children with Motor Speech Disorders
Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Single Words

Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Words in Phrases
Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Sentences
Motor Speech Disorders: Conversational Speech

Conclusion

Chapter 11 Phonetic Variation

Part A: Phonetic Aspects of Dialect Variation

What is Phonetic Variation?
Dialect as a Source of Phonetic Variation

Studying Dialect
Is There a Standard Dialect?
Why Do Dialects Differ?
Difference versus Disorder

Part B: Regional Dialects of American English

Southern Dialect Region

Location
Major Features

Western Dialect Region

Location
Major Features

Midlands Dialect Region

Location
Major Feature

Northern Dialect Regions

Location
Major Features

Dialects of the Northeastern United States

Location
Major Features

Practice Discriminating Regional Variation in Vowels
Regional Variation in Consonants
International Englishes

Part C: Beyond Regional Dialects

African American English

Origins of AAE
Features of AAE

L1-Influenced English

Working with Speakers from Unfamiliar Language Backgrounds
Spanish-Influenced English
Features of Spanish-Influenced English

Conclusion
Further Reading
Other Resources

Transcription Exercises Appendix A Phonetics Symbols and Terms Appendix B Distributional, Structural, and Proportional Occurrence Data for American English Sounds, Syllables, and Words Glossary Answers to Exercises References Index