Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders
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Main description:
A complete guide to the entire field of respiratory medicine-with all-new content and a streamlined new design
First published in 1980, Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders is the classic reference through which pulmonary physicians have gained a commanding look at the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases and disorders. Edited by the world's foremost authorities, Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders covers exactly what you need to know about lung diseases and their management, including sleep-disordered breathing, COPD, emphysema, and lung cancer, as well as new technological advances and imaging techniques.
This unparalleled two-volume resource begins with a compelling overview of up-to-date clinical perspectives, along with the scientific basis of lung function health and disease. It then provides turnkey information on everything from respiratory disease signs and symptoms, to obstructive lung diseases, occupational and environmental disorders, and specific respiratory conditions such as infections diseases of the lungs and acute respiratory failure.
New to the 4th Edition:
- Information on recent advancements in many clinically relevant areas of pulmonary medicine
- Update to the infectious diseases chapters that reflect current practice guidelines and recent antimicrobial developments
- Clearer connection between fundamental science concepts and clinical applications, which reflect current scientific research
- Latest information on sleep disorders
- Review of recent recommendations of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society for the accurate interpretation of pulmonary function tests
- Appendices that include a respiratory questionnaire, normal values, and commonly used terms & symbols
Back cover:
Job: Fishman et al.: Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders, 4e back cover copy;0071457399;9780071457392
[title]
Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders
Fourth Edition
[authors]
Alfred P. Fishman, MD
Jack A. Elias, MD
Jay A. Fishman, MD
Michael A. Grippi, MD
Robert M. Senior, MD
[headline]
A complete guide to the entire field of respiratory medicine-with all-new content and a streamlined new design
First published in 1980, Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders is the classic reference through which pulmonary physicians have gained a commanding look at the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases and disorders. Edited by the world's foremost authorities, Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases & Disorders covers exactly what you need to know about lung diseases and their management, including sleep-disordered breathing, COPD, emphysema, and lung cancer, as well as new technological advances and imaging techniques.
This unparalleled two-volume resource begins with a compelling overview of up-to-date clinical perspectives, along with the scientific basis of lung function health and disease. It then provides turnkey information on everything from respiratory disease signs and symptoms, to obstructive lung diseases, occupational and environmental disorders, and specific respiratory conditions such as infections diseases of the lungs and acute respiratory failure.
New to the 4th Edition:
- Information on recent advancements in many clinically relevant areas of pulmonary medicine
- Update to the infectious diseases chapters that reflect current practice guidelines and recent antimicrobial developments
- Clearer connection between fundamental science concepts and clinical applications, which reflect current scientific research
- Latest information on sleep disorders
- Review of recent recommendations of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society for the accurate interpretation of pulmonary function tests
- Appendices that include a respiratory questionnaire, normal values, and commonly used terms & symbols
mcgraw-hillmedical.com
[McGraw-Hill Medical logo]
Contents:
Part One
PERSPECTIVES
Volume 1
Chapter 1
Milestones in the History of Pulmonary Medicine
Part Two
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF LUNG FUNCTION
IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Section 1
Architecture for Normal Lung Function
Chapter 2
Functional Design of the Human Lung for Gas Exchange
Chapter 3
The Respiratory Muscles
Chapter 4
Cellular Mechanisms of Lung Development
Chapter 5
Development and Growth of the Lung
Chapter 6
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Surfactant and Associated Proteins
Chapter 8
Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands
Chapter 9
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
Section 2
Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function
Chapter 10
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Functional Design of the Human Lung for Gas Exchange
Chapter 3
The Respiratory Muscles
Chapter 4
Cellular Mechanisms of Lung Development
Chapter 5
Development and Growth of the Lung
Chapter 6
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Surfactant and Associated Proteins
Chapter 8
Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands
Chapter 9
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
Section 2
Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function
Chapter 10
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Cellular Mechanisms of Lung Development
Chapter 5
Development and Growth of the Lung
Chapter 6
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Surfactant and Associated Proteins
Chapter 8
Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands
Chapter 9
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
Section 2
Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function
Chapter 10
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Surfactant and Associated Proteins
Chapter 8
Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands
Chapter 9
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
Section 2
Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function
Chapter 10
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands
Chapter 9
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
Section 2
Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function
Chapter 10
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 11
Control of Ventilation
Chapter 12
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
Chapter 13
Diffusion, Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases, and Diffusing Capacity
Chapter 14
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Blood-Gas Transport
Chapter 15
Acid-Base Balance
Section 3
The Lungs in Different Physiological States
Chapter 16
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation
Chapter 17
Breathing during Exercise
Chapter 18
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Lungs in Pregnancy
Chapter 19
Aging of the Respiratory System
Section 4
Lung Immunology
Chapter 20
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections
Chapter 21
Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung
Chapter 22
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Mast Cells and Eosinophils
Chapter 23
Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency
Section 5
Lung Injury and Repair
Chapter 24
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury
Chapter 25
Leukocyte Accumulation in the Lung
Chapter 26
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Nitric Oxide and Lung Injury
Chapter 27
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Part Three
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Section 6
Clinical Approach to the Patient
Chapter 28
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms
Chapter 29
Pulmonary Cutaneous Disorders
Chapter 30
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions
Section 7
Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 31
Principles of Effective Care
Chapter 32
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest
Chapter 33
Pulmonary Cytopathology
Chapter 34
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 35
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 36
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Function Testing
Chapter 37
Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Chapter 38
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures
Chapter 39
Thoracoscopy
Chapter 40
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical Patient
Chapter 41
Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung Disease
Part Four
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Section 8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 42
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Overview
Chapter 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, andPathogenesis
Chapter 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management
Chapter 45
Cigarette Smoking and Disease
Chapter 46
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders
Section 9
Asthma
Chapter 47
The Biology of Asthma
Chapter 48
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Asthma: Epidemiology
Chapter 49
Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma
Chapter 50
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Asthma: Clinical Presentation and
Chapter 51
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fungi
Section 10
Other Obstructive Disorders
Chapter 52
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Upper Airway Obstruction
Chapter 53
Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 54
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 55
Bullous Diseases of the Lungs
Part Five
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS
Section 11
Occupational Disorders
Chapter 56
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches
Chapter 57
Asbestos-Related Lung Disease
Chapter 58
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung Disease
Chapter 59
Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis
Chapter 60
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis
Chapter 61
Toxic Inhalations
Section 12
Environmental Disorders
Chapter 62
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution
Chapter 63
Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High Altitude
Chapter 64
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Diving Injuries and Air Embolism
Chapter 65
Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation
Part Six
DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES
Chapter 66
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chapter 67
Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents
Part Seven
INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES
Section 13
Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases
Chapter 68
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach
Chapter 69
Systemic Sarcoidosis
Chapter 70
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chapter 71
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Chapter 72
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Radiation Pneumonitis
Chapter 73
Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases
Chapter 74
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Section 14
Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders
Chapter 75
Depositional Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 76
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Histiocytosis X
Chapter 77
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Chapter 78
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Part EightALVEOLAR DISEASES
Chapter 79
Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
Chapter 80
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders
Chapter 81
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Part Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndromev
Chapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1
PRODUCT DETAILS
ISBN-13: 9780071641098
Publisher: McGraw-Hill (McGraw-Hill Medical)
Publication date: May, 2008
Pages: None
Weight: 652g
Availability: Not available (reason unspecified)
Subcategories: Respiratory Medicine
Publisher: McGraw-Hill (McGraw-Hill Medical)
Publication date: May, 2008
Pages: None
Weight: 652g
Availability: Not available (reason unspecified)
Subcategories: Respiratory Medicine
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