Now in its Fourth Edition, this Spiral® Manual presents clinical information and protocols in outline format for evaluation and treatment of most endocrine disorders in children, adolescents, and adults. This thoroughly updated edition includes an introduction to risk assessment and screening and results of recent clinical trials and their implications for treatment and prevention. Also included are summaries of recent guidelines from the Endocrine Society and the American Academy of Clinical Endocrinology for prevention and management of many endocrine disorders including diabetes, growth hormone deficiency, dysmetabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and obesity. New chapters focus on comorbidities of Type II diabetes mellitus in children and use of growth hormone in adults.

BASIC SCIENCE OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Molecular Endocrine Laboratory / Hormone-resistant States / Genetics of Endocrinology

HYPOTHALMIC-PITUITARY DYSFUNCTION: Anterior Pituitary Diseases / Clinical Disorders of Vasopressin / Pituitary Disorders in Children / The Pituitary Gland and Growth Failure / The Role of IGF-1 in a Selective Population of Short Children / Growth Hormone in Adults / Prolactin / Endocrinology of Psychiatric Disorders

ADRENAL DISORDERS: The Adrenal Cortex and Mineralocorticoid Hypertension / Pheochromocytomas / Neuroblastoma / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia / Hormonal Hypertension / Essential or Primary Hypertension in Children / Adrenal Steroid Excess in Childhood / Adrenal Insufficiency in Childhood

DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Ambiguous Genitalia / Precocious, Early, and Delayed Female Pubertal Development / Female Reproductive Endocrinology in Adults / Disorders of Sexual Development in the Pediatric and Adolescent Male / Male Reproductive Disorders in Adults

MINERAL DISORDERS: Disorders of Calcitropic Hormones in Adults / Metabolic Bone Disease / Bone and Mineral Disorders of Childhood

THYROID DISORDERS: Evaluation of Thyroid Function / Thyroiditis / Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism / Thyroid Tumors in Adults / Thyroid Cancer in Children / Newborn Thyroid Disorders and Screening / Thyroid Disorders in Children and Adolescents

METABOLIC DISORDERS: Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children / Hypoglycemia in Adults / Obesity / Disorders of Lipid Metabolism

INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM: Introduction to Inborn Errors of Metabolism / Glycogen Storage Diseases

DIABETES MELLITUS: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus / Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus / Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State / Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Syndrome X in Children / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / Overlay Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is Type 1.5 Diabetes a Necessary Diagnostic Entity? / Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy / Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Developments and Clinical Implications / Diabetes Mellitus and the Geriatric Patient

SPECIAL TOPICS IN CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy / Hormones and Aging / APUD Syndromes / Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN Syndromes) / Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Endocrinology / Surgery for Endocrine Disorders / Dermatologic Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders / Autoimmune Endocrine Syndromes / Management of Some Hormone-Dependent Cancers with Analogs of Hypothalamic Hormones

APPENDICES: Protocols for Stimulation and Suppression Tests Commonly Used in Clinical Endocrinology / Normal Reference Laboratory Values for Endocrine Chemistry