Main description:

Basic refraction is a foundational part of ophthalmology, and yet beginning ophthalmology residents and ophthalmic technicians are often left on their own to learn the finer points. Despite being core skills, the techniques and practical aspects of subjective refraction and prescribing glasses are often developed by trial and error, if they are developed at all.

Subjective Refraction and Prescribing Glasses: The Number One (or Number Two) Guide to Practical Techniques and Principles, Third Edition is designed as a complete guide to those essential skills, offering everything from basic terminology to tips, tricks, and best practices. This updated Third Edition has been expanded in every section with thoughtful, practical advice, and has case scenarios, in a question and answer format, of situations encountered with real-world patients. It is the most comprehensive review of clinical subjective refraction to date.

Drs. Richard Kolker and Andrew Kolker together have nearly 50 years of experience in the practice of ophthalmology and bring both the fresh eyes of a beginning ophthalmologist and the experience of a seasoned veteran to this Third Edition. While new residents and technicians will appreciate the thorough explanation of refractive fundamentals, even expert ophthalmologists will appreciate the practical tips that may have never occurred to them.

Included are:

Very clear, easy-to-read, practical explanations of the subjective refraction process
Basic practical optics to explain the steps of subjective refraction
The Jackson Cross Cylinder made easy to understand and use
Plus and mInus cylinder methods discussed separately and color coded for quick identification
An Appendix with a primer on retinoscopy and how to use the manual lensometer
The art of subjective refraction and prescribing glasses

Subjective Refraction and Prescribing Glasses: The Number One (or Number Two) Guide to Practical Techniques and Principles, Third Edition is the definitive guide to the often neglected skills involved in clinical subjective refraction. Residents and technicians will find it a critical guide in their learning process, but even seasoned ophthalmologists can benefit from the tips and tricks enclosed within.

Contents:

Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Preface
Foreword by David L. Guyton, MD
Introduction
Chapter 1 Practical Optics
Goal of Refraction
Six Principles of Refraction
Snellen Visual Acuity
Spherical Refractive Errors
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
Four Points About Correcting Presbyopia With an Add
Bifocals
Reading Glasses
Trifocals
Progressive Addition Lenses
Computer Glasses
Two Formulas: Spherical Equivalent and Plus-Minus Cylinder Conversion
Pinhole
Chapter 2 Subjective Refraction and Lens Prescription
The Phoropter
Features of the Phoropter
Positioning the Patient
The Three Types of Refraction
The Four Steps of Subjective Refraction
The Adjustment Within Step 3
Instructing the Patient
No Conversation
Managing Pauses
When Straddling the Axis
Over-Minusing
Encouragement
Three Patient Concerns
Sixteen Tips for Accurate Subjective Refraction Results
Before Writing a Glasses Prescription
Show and Compare What You Plan to Give-Always!
Trial Run
Additional Factors to Consider Prior to
Making a Prescription Change
New Presbyope
Two Myths
Special Situations
Final Considerations
Subjective Refraction Over Current Lenses (Spherical Over-Refraction)
Near Vision
Using the Trial Frame
Refraction Reminders
Chapter 3 Case Studies
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
Presbyopia Correction
Refraction
Special Considerations When Prescribing Glasses
Appendix
How to Use the Manual Lensometer: Plus Cylinder Method
How to Use the Manual Lensometer: Minus Cylinder Method
Retinoscopy Primer: Plus Cylinder Method
Retinoscopy Primer: Minus Cylinder Method
Index