Main description:

Syringe exchange programs and safe injection services are outside-the-box interventions increasingly being used by governments, nonprofits and citizens to address dire issues percolating in tandem with America's burgeoning opioid epidemic. People who inject drugs (PWID)-almost a million Americans annually-commonly use painkillers such as heroin and fentanyl, as well as methamphetamine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and cocaine. Yet the users themselves are often obscured or marginalized by the bigger picture. This collection of essays covers policies and practices aimed at preventing both opioid-related deaths and related infections of hepatitis and HIV.

Contents:

Acknowledgments
Preface
Part I. The Opioid Epidemic
1. Opioid Epidemic Causing Rise in Hepatitis C Infections and Other Serious Illnesses
Thomas J. Stopka
2. Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) Fact Sheet
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3. An Ethical Dilemma for Doctors: When Is It OK to Prescribe Opioids?
Travis N. Rieder
4. The Opioid Epidemic Is Finally a National Emergency-Eight Years Too Late
Erin Winstanley
5. As the Opioid Epidemic Continues, the Holidays Bring Need to Support Those in Grief
Emily B. Campbell
6. Keeping Away from Criminalization
Sarah Sweeney
7. Stepping Up, Then Stepping Back
Brenda Bond-Fortier
8. Needle Exchanges Find New Champions Among Republicans
Victoria Knight
Part II. Syringe Use and Infection Risks
A. HIV
9. Syringe-Exchange Programs Are Part of Effective HIV Prevention
National Institute on Drug Abuse
10. Needle Exchanges Can Now Get Federal Funding
Anna Gorman
11. Trump Pledges to End HIV Transmission by 2030. Doable, But Daunting
Carmen Heredia Rodriguez
12. The Unexpected Public Health Emergency
Jenna Tyler
13. An Addiction Researcher Shares 6 Strategies to Address the Opioid Epidemic
Nabila El-Bassel
14. Why Are HIV Survival Rates Lower in the Deep South Than the Rest of the U.S.?
Susan Reif and Carolyn McAllaster
15. Should You Be Tested for HIV? Why June 27 Is a Good Day to Do
Jodi Sutherland
16. Violence Against Women Is Overlooked in Its Role in Opioid Epidemic
Nabila El-Bassel
17. Fighting HIV in Miami, One Dirty Needle at a Time
Amy Driscoll
B. Hepatitis C
18. Addressing Increases in Hepatitis C Infections Linked to the Opioid Epidemic
Don C. Des Jarlais
19. Hepatitis C and Injection Drug Use
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
20. A "Safe" Space to Shoot Up: Worth a Try?
Stephanie O'Neill
21. Treating the New Hep C Generation on Their Turf
Pauline Bartolone
Part III. Practices, Programs, and Policies
of Governments and Nonprofits
A. Federal
22. New Rules for Safe and Secure Prescription Drug Disposal Options
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
23. Safely Using Sharps (Needles and Syringes) at Home, at Work and on Travel
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
24. HRSA Implementation Guidance of Syringe Services Programs
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
25. Implementation Guidance for Syringe Services Programs
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
26. Injection Drug Use
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
27. Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) FAQs
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
28. The Safety and Effectiveness of Syringe Services Programs
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
29. CDC's Role in Safe Injection Practices
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
30. CDC Program Guidance for Syringe Services Programs
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
31. Medical Waste
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
32. Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone
National Institute on Drug Abuse
B. State
33. Syringe Exchange Programs in California: An Overview
California Department of Public Health
34. California Legal Code Related to Access to Sterile Needles and Syringes
California Department of Public Health
35. Florida Is the Latest Republican-Led State to Adopt Clean Needle Exchanges
Sammy Mack
36. Syringe Exchange in Southern Indiana to Respond to an Increase in HIV Cases
Jeannie D. DiClementi
37. HIV, STDs, and Hepatitis
New York State Department of Health
38. Utah Syringe Exchange Program
Utah Department of Health
39. Arizona Declares Opioid Emergency, but Signals Are Mixed Over Best Response
Will Stone
40. Unable to Arrest Opioid Epidemic, Red States Warm to Needle Exchanges
Shefali Luthra
C. County and City
41. The Competing Views and a Way Forward
Elissa Velez and Mickey P. McGee
42. Harm Reduction Services in San Francisco: Executive Summary
San Francisco Department of Public Health
43. Syringe Access and Disposal Programs in San Francisco
San Francisco Department of Public Health
44. Syringe Disposal Practices of Intravenous Drug Users in Monterey County
Jaime Teeter Householder and Mickey P. McGee
45. How Did Ohio Local Government Leaders Dramatically Reduce Opioid Deaths?
Gerald Young
46. How Lowell Is Fighting the Opioid Crisis
Audrey Fraizer
47. How One City Went "All In" to Fight the Opioid Epidemic
International City/County Management Association
48. The High Cost of Opioid Abuse in Your Community
Marty Harding
49. Boston's Heroin Users Will Soon Get a Safer Place to Be High
Martha Bebinger
50. In Boston's "Safe Space," Surprising Insights into Drug Highs
Martha Bebinger
51. What's Next for "Safe Injection" Sites in Philadelphia?
Elana Gordon
52. "Crackhouse" or "Safehouse"?
Nina Feldman
D. Nonprofits and Associations
53. Offering Syringes Along with Prayers, Churches Help IV Drug Users
Taylor Sisk
54. San Francisco AIDS Foundation's Syringe Access Services Evaluation Results
Elissa Velez and Mickey P. McGee
55. Leading the Fight Against the Opioid Crisis
Geoff Beckwith
56. Statement of Policy: Opioid Epidemic
National Association of County and City Health Officials
57. Statement of Policy: Syringe Services Programs
National Association of County and City Health Officials
Part IV. The Future
58. Some Good News on Opioid Epidemic: Treatment Options Are Expanding
William Greene and Lisa J. Merlo
59. Sterile Needles Can Stop the Spread of Disease in Prisons-Here's How
Jack Wallace
60. Meth vs. Opioids: America Has Two Drug Epidemics, but Focuses on One
April Dembosky
61. Big Data for Big Disease
H. Daniel Xu
62. Chittenden County's Hub and Spoke Model for Combatting Opioid Deaths
Paul C. Prevey
Appendices
Appendix A. Glossary of Syringe Exchange and Opioid Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms
Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III
Appendix B: Syringe Exchange Programs (2019): North American Syringe Exchange Network
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Appendix C. Adopting a Harm Reduction Policy for Substance Abuse, STD and HIV
San Francisco Health Commission Resolution No. 10-00
Appendix D. Press Release: Mayor Mark Farrell Announces Innovative Program to Fight Opioid Crisis on San Francisco Streets
City and County of San Francisco, Office of the Mayor
Appendix E. Executive Summary: Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010
Federal Register
About the Contributors
Index