Main description:

Freshwater is a most precious natural resource. To the developed world, refreshing, untainted water is presumed from the taps of millions of householders. The many rivers, streams, ponds and lakes are for the pleasure and enjoyment of the leisure hours of urban dweller and rural inhabitant alike-boating, fishing, sailing and swimming come readily to mind. To the agriculturalist and industrialist it is often the cornerstone of their enterprises. To the environmentalist and naturalist it is the basis of the wetland and open water communities which provide the habitats for a wealth of flora and fauna. In the developing world the emphasis is very different. A spring, well, river or swamp is the basis of day-to-day survival for family, livestock and crops. Subsistence fishing is often the major source of protein. Freshwater may be the unwitting purveyor of disease but with good management this can be regulated and monitored. But Man by nature, is a selfish species who tends to have scant regard for the quality of life of future generations. The much publicised destruction of forests is a notorious example. Not so well-known is the pressure on one of the world's most fragile ecosystems, the wetlands.

Contents:

1 Introduction.- 2 Composition, Sources and Source Identification of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Their Residues.- 3 Input, Behaviour and Fates of Petroleum Hydrocarbons.- 4 Biological and Ecological Effects of Oils.- 5 Biological and Ecological Effects of Dispersants..- 6 Biodegradation of Oil in Freshwaters.- 7 Clean-Up Technology.- 8 Restoration and Recovery.- 9 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Systematic Index.- General Index.