Main description:

One third of misdiagnosed medical cases result in serious injury or death. Moreover, 40,000-80,000 deaths occur each year in the United States alone because of misdiagnosis. This is a major clinical crisis that medical schools and hospitals have failed to adequately address. There is currently no book available that provides general clinicians with the knowledge to prevent such lethal errors in a variety of disciplines.

Comprised of clinical cases, the first fourteen chapters focus on a specific area of medicine such as cardiology or nephrology. Each case follows the same structure, which is comprised of eight vital parts. First, there is a general introduction to the topic followed by the name of the specific disease. Next comes the actual clinical case presentation followed by the differential diagnosis. It then explains what was misdiagnosed in the specific case and why. A general discussion and plan of action is then described followed by a conclusion. The final three chapters focus on guidelines for doctors, guidelines for medical schools and the physician perspective, which includes anecdotes from the three editors.

Clinical Misdiagnosis is a valuable and much-needed resource for family medicine clinicians as well as practitioners in all areas of medicine.

Contents:

Module 1- Allergy & Immunology

1 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Masquerading as Recurrent Bacterial Pneumonia

2 Angioedema Bowel Blockade: The Misdiagnosis of Hereditary Angioedema as a Rare Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction

3 Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption Due to Fluconazole Imitating Herpes Simplex

4 Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase Type 2 (DADA2) Masquerading as GATA-binding Factor 2 (GATA2) Deficiency

5 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Asthma

6 Misdiagnosis of Common Variable Immune Deficiency

7 Confusion of Cutaneous Reactions - A Misdiagnosis of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome

8 The Dish with the Fish: Scombroid Poisoning Misdiagnosed as Food Allergy

9 Using Indirect Immunofluorescence in Unveiling Unknown Pemphoids and Avoiding Misdiagnosis

Module 2- Cardiology

10 Infective Endocarditis Misdiagnosed as Community-Acquired Pneumonia

11 Cardiac Amyloidosis Misdiagnosed as Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

12 Metastatic Heart Cancer Misdiagnosed as Acute Myocardial Infarction

13 Primary Cardiac Synovial Sarcoma Misdiagnosed as Tuberculoma

14 Severe Eccentric Mitral Regurgitation Misdiagnosed as Severe Aortic Stenosis

Module 3- Emergency Department

15 A Case of Misdiagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

16 A Case of Misdiagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis

17 Acute Coronary Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Anxiety

18 Diabetic Neuropathy Misdiagnosed as Right Lower Limb Injury

19 Multiple Sclerosis is Misdiagnosed as Migraine

Module 4- Endocrinology

20 Addison's Disease along with Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis and Acute Renal Failure Misinterpreted as Peripheral Motor Neuropathy

21 Hypopituitarism Secondary to Macroadenoma with Vomiting and Hyponatremia Misdiagnosed as Episodes of Gastritis/Esophagitis

22 Hypothyroidism with Nephrotic Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Cardiac Failure

23 Adrenal Insufficiency Misdiagnosed as Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

24 Pheochromocytoma Misdiagnosed as COVID-19

Module 5- Gastroenterology

25 Initial Misdiagnosis of Celiac Disease with Life-Threatening Presentation

26 Misdiagnosis of Colorectal Cancer with Emphysematous Epididymo-orchitis as a Camouflage

27 Misdiagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Due to Features Similar to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

28 Small Bowel Carcinoma Misdiagnosed as Ileal Crohn's Disease

29 Foreign Body Ingestion Misdiagnosed as Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Module 6- Gynecology

30 Hydatidiform Mole Misdiagnosed as a Threatened Abortion

31 Gestational Choriocarcinoma Misdiagnosed as Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy

32 Misdiagnosis of Mullerian Agenesis in a Patient with 46, XX Gonadal Dysgenesis

33 Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Misdiagnosed as a Case of Pregnancy in Nepal

34 A Case of Forgotten Copper T (IUD): Misdiagnosed as a Case of Secondary Sterility Treated with Hormonal Treatment

Module 7- Hematology

35 Congenital Methemoglobinemia Misdiagnosed as Polycythemia Vera

36 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Misdiagnosed as Autoimmune Cytopenia

37 Hemoglobin H Disease and Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Misdiagnosed as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

38 Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria Misdiagnosed as Child Abuse

39 Hereditary Spherocytosis Misdiagnosed as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

40 Inherited Thrombocytopenia Misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Module 8- Infectious Diseases

41 Hematogenous Disseminated Tuberculosis Misdiagnosed as Metastatic Lung Cancer

42 Severe Abdominal Sepsis Misdiagnosed as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

43 Syphilitic Uveitis Misdiagnosed as Viral Retinitis

44 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Misdiagnosed as Pharyngitis

45 Early Lyme Disease Misdiagnosed as Influenza

Module 9- Nephrology

46 Apolipoprotein C-II Amyloidosis Misdiagnosed as Light Chain Amyloidosis

47 Phyllodes Tumor Misdiagnosed as Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and a Cyst

48 Large Calcified Renal Artery Aneurysm Misdiagnosed as Intrapelvic Calculus

49 Anastomosing Hemangioma Misdiagnosed as Renal Cell CA

50 Urethritis Associated Hematuria Misdiagnosed as C1q Nephropathy

51 Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Renal Pelvis Misdiagnosed as Calculus Pyonephrosis

52 Kidney Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Misdiagnosed as a Metastatic Malignancy

Module 10- Neurology

53 Guillain-Barre Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Posterior Circulation Stroke

54 Stroke Misdiagnosed As Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo

55 Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Misdiagnosed as Pyogenic Meningitis

56 Cotard Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder

Module 11- Oncology

57 Colonic Cancer Misdiagnosed As Hemorrhoids

58 Malignant Melanoma Misdiagnosed as Diabetic Foot Ulcer

59 Multiple Myeloma Misdiagnosed as Rheumatoid Arthritis

Module 12- Psychiatry

60 Bipolar Disorder Misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder

61 Schizoaffective Disorder Bipolar Type Misdiagnosed as Bipolar I with Psychotic Features

62 Borderline Personality Disorder Misdiagnosed as Bipolar Disorder

63 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Misdiagnosed as Non-Specific Physical Pain

Module 13- Pulmonology

64 Chronic Beryllium Disease Misdiagnosed as Sarcoidosis.

65 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Misdiagnosed as Sputum Negative Tuberculosis

Module 14- Rheumatology

66 How to Differentiate Chronic Widespread Pain in Order to Reduce Misdiagnosis of Fibromyalgia

67 Rheumatoid Arthritis Misdiagnosed as Gout

68 Spondyloarthritis: Gender Based Symptomatology in Order to Reduce Misdiagnosis

Module 15- Legal

69 Legal Consequences of the Misdiagnosed Patient

Module 16- An Editor's Perspective

70 Strategies to Avoid a Misdiagnosis