Main description:

Covers the science of refractive surgery, accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia and patient evaluation.

Examines specific procedures in refractive surgery and their potential complications, and refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease. Includes information on lens implants used in the United States and other countries.

Includes eight original videos demonstrating refractive surgical techniques, including the FDA-approved SMILE procedure. Both print and eBook users have access to the videos.

Upon completion of Section 13, readers should be able to:

- Identify the general types of lasers used in refractive surgeries.

- Explain the steps-including medical and social history, ocular examination and ancillary testing-in evaluating whether a patient is an appropriate candidate for refractive surgery.

- For incisional keratorefractive surgery, describe the history, patient selection, surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications.

- Explain recent developments in the application of wavefront technology to surface ablation and LASIK.

- Describe the different types of IOLs used for refractive correction.