Main description:

At the interface of biology, chemistry, and materials science, this book provides an overview of this vibrant research field, treating the seemingly distinct disciplines in a unified way by adopting the common viewpoint of surface science. The editors, themselves prolific researchers, have assembled here a team of top-notch international scientists who read like a "who's who" of biomaterials science and engineering. They cover topics ranging from micro- and nanostructuring for imparting functionality in a top-down manner to the bottom-up fabrication of gradient surfaces by self-assembly, from interfaces between biomaterials and living matter to smart, stimuli-responsive surfaces, and from cell and surface mechanics to the elucidation of cell-chip interactions in biomedical devices. As a result, the book explains the complex interplay of cell behavior and the physics and materials science of artificial devices. Of equal interest to young, ambitious scientists as well as to experienced researchers.

Contents:

Preface XVII List of Contributors XXI Part I Polymer Surfaces 1 1 Proteins for Surface Structuring 3 Alexander Schulz, Stephanie Hiltl, Patrick van Rijn, and Alexander Boker 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Structuring and Modification of Interfaces by Self-Assembling Proteins 3 1.3 Structuring and Modification of Solid Surfaces via Printing of Biomolecules 11 1.4 Conclusion and Outlook 22 References 22 2 Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes 27 Szczepan Zapotoczny 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Synthesis of Polymer Brushes 28 2.3 Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes 30 2.4 Polyelectrolyte Brushes 33 2.5 Bio-Functionalized Polymer Brushes 35 Acknowledgment 37 References 37 3 Inhibiting Nonspecific Protein Adsorption: Mechanisms, Methods, and Materials 45 Mojtaba Binazadeh, Hongbo Zeng, and Larry D. Unsworth 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Underlying Forces Responsible for Nonspecific Protein Adsorption 46 3.3 Poly(Ethylene Glycol) 48 3.4 Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) 50 3.5 Applications of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) 53 Summary 55 References 55 4 Stimuli-Responsive Surfaces for Biomedical Applications 63 Rui R. Costa, Natalia M. Alves, J. Carlos Rodryguez-Cabello, and Joao F. Mano 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Surface Modification Methodologies: How to Render Substrates with Stimuli Responsiveness 64 4.3 Exploitable Stimuli and Model Smart Biomaterials 69 4.4 Biomedical Applications of Smart Surfaces 75 4.5 Conclusions 79 Acknowledgments 79 References 80 5 Surface Modification of Polymeric Biomaterials 89 Aysun Guney, Filiz Kara, Ozge Ozgen, Eda Ayse Aksoy, Vasif Hasirci, and Nesrin Hasirci 5.1 Introduction 89 5.2 Effect of Material Surfaces on Interactions with Biological Entities 90 5.3 Surface Morphology of Polymeric Biomaterials 96 5.4 Surface Modifications to Improve Biocompatibility of Biomaterials 118 5.5 Surface Modifications to Improve Hemocompatibility of Biomaterials 126 5.6 Surface Modifications to Improve Antibacterial Properties of Biomaterials 134 5.7 Nanoparticles 142 References 143 6 Polymer Vesicles on Surfaces 159 Agnieszka Jagoda, Justyna Kowal, Mihaela Delcea, Cornelia G. Palivan, and Wolfgang Meier 6.1 Introduction 159 6.2 Polymer Vesicles 160 6.3 Applications of Polymer Membranes and Vesicles as Smart and Active Surfaces 180 6.4 Current Limitations of Polymer Vesicles and Emerging Trends 187 6.5 Conclusions 190 Abbreviations and Symbols 191 References 193 Part II Hydrogel Surfaces 205 7 Protein-Engineered Hydrogels 207 Jordan Raphel, Andreina Parisi-Amon, and Sarah C. Heilshorn 7.1 Introduction to Protein Engineering for Materials Design 207 7.2 History and Development of Protein-Engineered Materials 207 7.3 Modular Design and Recombinant Synthesis Strategy 210 7.4 Processing Protein-Engineered Materials 216 7.5 Conclusion 228 References 229 8 Bioactive and Smart Hydrogel Surfaces 239 J. Carlos Rodr'yguez-Cabello, A. Fernandez-Colino, M.J. Pina, M. Alonso, M. Santos, and A.M. Testera 8.1 Introduction 239 8.2 Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix 240 8.3 Hydrogels: Why Are They So Special? 245 8.4 Elastin-Like Recombinamers as Bioinspired Proteins 255 8.5 Perspectives 261 Acknowledgments 261 References 261 9 Bioresponsive Surfaces and Stem Cell Niches 269 Miguel Angel Mateos-Timoneda, Melba Navarro, and Josep Anton Planell 9.1 General Introduction 269 9.2 Stem Cell Niches 271 9.3 Surfaces as Stem Cell Niches 274 9.4 Conclusions 279 References 279 Part III Hybrid & Inorganic Surfaces 285 10 Micro- and Nanopatterning of Biomaterial Surfaces 287 Daniel Brodoceanu and Tobias Kraus 10.1 Introduction 287 10.2 Photolithography 287 10.3 Electron Beam Lithography 290 10.4 Focused Ion Beam 292 10.5 Soft Lithography 292 10.6 Dip-Pen Nanolithography 294 10.7 Nanoimprint Lithography 295 10.8 Sandblasting and Acid Etching 298 10.9 Laser-Induced Surface Patterning 298 10.10 Colloidal Lithography 301 10.11 Conclusions and Perspectives 303 Acknowledgments 305 References 306 11 Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Surfaces 311 Tobias Mai, Katrin Bleek, and Andreas Taubert 11.1 Introduction 311 11.2 Calcium Carbonate Surfaces and Interfaces 314 11.3 Calcium Phosphate Surfaces and Interfaces 319 11.4 Silica Surfaces and Interfaces 326 11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 327 Acknowledgments 328 References 328 12 Bioactive Ceramic and Metallic Surfaces for Bone Engineering 337 Carlos Mas-Moruno, Montserrat Espanol, Edgar B. Montufar, Gemma Mestres, Conrado Aparicio, Francisco Javier Gil, and Maria-Pau Ginebra 12.1 Introduction 337 12.2 Ceramics for Bone Replacement and Regeneration 338 12.3 Metallic Surfaces for Bone Replacement and Regeneration 346 12.4 Conclusions 364 References 365 13 Plasma-Assisted Surface Treatments and Modifications for Biomedical Applications 375 Sanjay Mathur, Trilok Singh, Mahboubeh Maleki, and Thomas Fischer 13.1 Introduction 375 13.2 Surface Requisites for Biomedical Applications 377 13.3 Surface Functionalization of Inorganic Surfaces by Plasma Techniques 383 13.4 Applications of Plasma-Modified Surfaces in Biology and Biomedicine 386 13.5 Conclusions and Outlook 401 Acknowledgments 402 References 402 14 Biological and Bioinspired Micro- and Nanostructured Adhesives 409 Longjian Xue, Martin Steinhart, and Stanislav N. Gorb 14.1 Introduction: Adhesion in Biological Systems 409 14.2 Fibrillar Contact Elements 410 14.3 Basic Physical Forces Contributing to Adhesion 414 14.4 Contact Mechanics 415 14.5 Larger Animals Rely on Finer Fibers 416 14.6 Peeling Theory 416 14.7 Artificial Adhesive Systems 419 14.8 Toward Smart Adhesives 436 Acknowledgment 436 References 437 Part IV Cell Surface Interactions 441 15 Generic Methods of Surface Modification to Control Adhesion of Cells and Beyond 443 Marcus Niepel, Alexander Kowitsch, Yuan Yang, Ning Ma, Neha Aggarwal, Deepak Guduru, and Thomas Groth 15.1 General Introduction 443 15.2 Survey on Generic Methods to Modify Material Surfaces 444 15.3 Results and Discussion 449 15.4 Summary and Conclusions 461 Acknowledgments 462 References 462 16 Severe Deformations of Malignant Bone and Skin Cells, as well as Aged Cells, on Micropatterned Surfaces 469 Patricia M. Davidson, Tokuko Haraguchi, Takako Koujin, Thorsten Steinberg, Pascal Tomakidi, Yasushi Hiraoka, Karine Anselme, and Gunter Reiter 16.1 Introduction 469 16.2 Experimental Methods 470 16.3 The Interaction of Bone Cells with Micropillars 473 16.4 The Deformation of Skin Cells as a Function of Their Malignancy 480 16.5 The Deformation of Fibroblasts of Different Cellular Ages 481 16.6 Discussion 484 16.7 Conclusions 486 Acknowledgments 487 References 487 17 Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Surfaces Designed for Cell-Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 491 Jun Kobayashi and Teruo Okano 17.1 Introduction 491 17.2 Characteristics of PIPAAm-Grafted Cell Culture Surfaces 493 17.3 Mechanisms of Cell Detachment from the Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Dish 495 17.4 Cell-Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering and Its Clinical Applications 495 17.5 Next-Generation Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Dishes 498 17.6 Conclusions 503 References 504 18 Cell Mechanics on Surfaces 511 Jessica H. Wen, Hermes Taylor-Weiner, Alexander Fuhrmann, and Adam J. Engler 18.1 Introduction 511 18.2 What Is Elasticity and Stiffness? 511 18.3 Measuring and Quantifying Stiffness 514 18.4 Controlling Substrate Stiffness 519 18.5 Naturally Derived Scaffolds 520 18.6 Synthetic Scaffolds 525 18.7 Substrate Stiffness Impact on Cell Behavior 528 18.8 When Stiffness In vivo Goes Awry: The Impact of Fibrosis on Function 530 18.9 Novel Surface Fabrication Techniques to Improve Biomimicry 531 18.10 Conclusion 532 Acknowledgment 533 Abbreviations 533 References 533 19 Electrode Neural Tissue Interactions: Immune Responses, Current Technologies, and Future Directions 539 Gloria Bora Kim, Pouria Fattahi, and Mohammad Reza Abidian 19.1 Introduction 539 19.2 Immune Response to Neural Implants 540 19.3 Past and Current Neural Interfaces 543 19.4 Methods for Improvement of the Electrode Tissue Interface 548 19.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 557 References 558 Index 567