Main description:

Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System reviews how a wide range of materials are modelled and how this modelling is applied. Computational modelling is increasingly important in the design and manufacture of biomedical materials, as it makes it possible to predict certain implant-tissue reactions, degradation, and wear, and allows more accurate tailoring of materials' properties for the in vivo environment.

Part I introduces generic modelling of biomechanics and biotribology with a chapter on the fundamentals of computational modelling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system, and a further chapter on finite element modelling in the musculoskeletal system. Chapters in Part II focus on computational modelling of musculoskeletal cells and tissues, including cell mechanics, soft tissues and ligaments, muscle biomechanics, articular cartilage, bone and bone remodelling, and fracture processes in bones. Part III highlights computational modelling of orthopedic biomaterials and interfaces, including fatigue of bone cement, fracture processes in orthopedic implants, and cementless cup fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Finally, chapters in Part IV discuss applications of computational modelling for joint replacements and tissue scaffolds, specifically hip implants, knee implants, and spinal implants; and computer aided design and finite element modelling of bone tissue scaffolds.

This book is a comprehensive resource for professionals in the biomedical market, materials scientists and mechanical engineers, and those in academia.

Contents:

Contributor contact details
Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
Foreword
Preface
Part I: Generic modelling of biomechanics and biotribology

1. Fundamentals of computational modelling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system

Abstract:
1.1 Computational approach and its importance
1.2 Generic computational approach and important considerations
1.3 Computational methods and software
1.4 Future trends
1.5 Sources of further information and advice
1.6 References

2. Finite element modeling in the musculoskeletal system: generic overview

Abstract:
2.1 The musculoskeletal (MSK) system
2.2 Overview of the finite element (FE) method
2.3 State-of-the-art FE modeling of the MSK system
2.4 Key modeling procedures and considerations
2.5 Challenges and future trends
2.6 References

3. Joint wear simulation

Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of wear
3.3 Analytic and theoretical modelling of wear
3.4 Implementation of wear modelling in the assessment of joint replacement
3.5 Validating wear models
3.6 Future trends
3.7 References
3.8 Appendix: useful tables

Part II: Computational modelling of musculoskeletal cells and tissues

4. Computational modeling of cell mechanics

Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanobiology of cells
4.3 Computational descriptions of whole-cell mechanics
4.4 Liquid drop models
4.5 Solid elastic models
4.6 Power-law rheology model
4.7 Biphasic model
4.8 Tensegrity model
4.9 Semi-flexible chain model
4.10 Dipole polymerization model
4.11 Brownian ratchet models
4.12 Dynamic stochastic model
4.13 Constrained mixture model
4.14 Bio-chemo-mechanical model
4.15 Computational models for muscle cells
4.16 Future trends
4.17 References

5. Computational modeling of soft tissues and ligaments

Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background and preparatory results
5.3 Multiscale modeling of unidirectional soft tissues
5.4 Multiscale modeling of multidirectional soft tissues
5.5 Mechanics at cellular scale: a submodeling approach
5.6 Limitations and conclusions
5.7 Acknowledgments
5.8 References

6. Computational modeling of muscle biomechanics

Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanisms of muscle contraction: muscle structure and force production
6.3 Biophysical aspects of skeletal muscle contraction
6.4 One-dimensional skeletal muscle modeling
6.5 Causes and models of history-dependence of muscle force production
6.6 Three-dimensional skeletal muscle modeling
6.7 References

7. Computational modelling of articular cartilage

Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Current state in modelling of articular cartilage
7.3 Comparison and discussion of major theories
7.4 Applications and challenges
7.5 Conclusion
7.6 References

8. Computational modeling of bone and bone remodeling

Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Computational modeling examples of bone mechanical properties and bone remodeling
8.3 Results of computational modeling examples
8.4 Conclusion and future trends
8.5 Sources of further information and advice
8.6 Acknowledgments
8.7 References

9. Modelling fracture processes in bones

Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 A brief update on the literature
9.3 Physical formulation and modelling methods
9.4 Results and discussion
9.5 Challenges, applications and future trends
9.6 Sources of further information and advice
9.7 Acknowledgement
9.8 References

Part III: Computational modelling of orthopaedic biomaterials and interfaces

10. Modelling fatigue of bone cement

Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Modelling fatigue of bulk cement
10.3 Cement-implant interface
10.4 Cement-bone interface
10.5 Current and future trends
10.6 Conclusion
10.7 References

11. Modelling fracture processes in orthopaedic implants

Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The fracture mechanics approach
11.3 Mechanical properties
11.3.5 Fracture resistance
11.3.6 Impact strength
11.3.7 Hardness
11.3.8 Fragility
11.3.9 Abrasion
11.4 Determination of fracture mechanics parameters
11.5 Overview of computer methods used in mechanics
11.6 Simulation and modelling of the crack path in biomaterials
11.7 Challenges and future trends
11.8 References

12. Modelling cementless cup fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Abstract:
12.1 Cup fixation in acetabular bone stock
12.2 Measurement and numerical analysis of cup fixation
12.3 Summary of the relevant literature
12.4 Materials and assumptions
12.5 Modelling methods and details
12.6 Understanding and interpretation
12.7 Challenges, applications and future trends
12.8 References

Part IV: Applications of computational modelling for joint replacements and tissue scaffolds

13. Computational modeling of hip implants

Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Modeling and methods
13.3 Results
13.4 Discussion
13.5 Future trends
13.6 Conclusion
13.7 References

14. Computational modelling of knee implants

Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Application of computational models in analysis of knee implants
14.3 Assumptions for kinematics and kinetics
14.4 Model definition
14.5 Model formulation
14.6 Model solution
14.7 Model validation
14.8 Conclusion, challenges and future trends
14.9 Sources of further information and advice
14.10 References

15. Computational modelling of spinal implants

Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Spine and implant computational biomechanics
15.3 Numerical assessments of spinal implants
15.4 Future trends
15.5 Conclusion
15.6 References

16. Finite element modelling of bone tissue scaffolds

Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Fundamentals of computational mechanobiology
16.3 Applications of finite element modelling (FEM) and computational mechanobiology to bone tissue engineering
16.4 Discussion
16.5 Conclusions and future trends
16.6 References

Index