Main description:

This book provides knowledge on the diversity of disease-causing microbes including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans-the major diseases they cause and the environmental factors that influence the occurrence, transmission and spread of microbes along with the epidemiological factors determining the occurrence of disease.

The book mainly covers a broad spectrum of diseases infecting different organs of human and describes the microorganisms involved in the process. The diseases caused by parasites and helminths are also included in the text since the infective stages of parasites as well as helminths are microscopic in nature and need to be distinguished from bacterial infections by appropriate diagnosis.

Contents:

1. INTRODUCTION TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1-58
1.1 Spectrum of Infectious Diseases and Their Causative Organisms 2
1.2 Neglected Tropical Diseases 5
1.2.1 Selected Neglected Diseases 6
1.3 Recognition of an Infectious Disease in a Population 11
1.3.1 Occurrence of Infectious Diseases 12
1.4 Mode of Transmission of Pathogens 15
1.5 Host Community 17
1.6 Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases 20
1.6.1 Historical Perspectives 20
1.6.2 Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Infectious Diseases 31
1.6.3 Dynamics, Morbidity and Mortality Rates 31
1.6.4 Deliberately Emerging Infections 37
1.6.5 Resources on Emerging Diseases and Infections 39
2. SKIN INFECTIONS 59-86
2.1 Normal Skin Flora 59
2.1.1 Pathological Manifestations 60
2.2 Bacterial Infections-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology,
Treatment and Prevention 63
2.2.1 Infections of the Hair Follicles-Cause Folliculitis,
Furuncles and Carbuncles 63
2.2.2 Atopic Dermatitis (AD) 64
2.2.3 Scalded Skin Syndrome 66
2.2.4 Pyoderma 67
2.2.5 Lyme Disease 68
2.3 Viral Infections-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 71
2.3.1 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 71
2.3.2 Human Herpesviruses (HHV) 74
2.3.2.1 Herpes Simplex Virus 74
2.3.2.2 HHV-6 76
2.3.3 Varicella (Chicken pox) 77
2.3.4 Mumps Virus 79
xiv Handbook of Disease Causing Microbes
2.4 Fungal Infections 82
2.4.1 Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis) 82
2.4.2 Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris) 83
2.4.3 Ringworm (Tinea Corporis) 83
2.4.4 Tinea Versicolor 83
3. RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS 87-132
3.1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 87
3.1.1 Normal Upper Respiratory Tract Flora and mode of Colonization 87
3.1.2 Bacterial Infections-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 91
3.1.2.1 Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology and Treatment 91
3.1.2.2 Diphtheria 94
3.1.2.3 Otitis Media (OM) and Sinusitis 98
3.2 Viral Infections of Upper Respiratory Tract-Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 100
3.2.1 Common Cold 100
3.3 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 102
3.3.1 Normal Lower Respiratory Tract Flora and
Mode of Colonization 102
3.3.2 Bacterial infections-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology,
Treatment and Prevention 103
3.3.2.1 Bacterial Pneumonia 103
3.3.2.2 Pertussis Caused by Bordetella Pertussis 110
3.3.2.3 Tuberculosis 113
3.3.2.4 Legionellosis 117
3.3.3 Viral Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract 119
3.3.4 Fungal Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract 122
3.3.4.1 Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) 122
3.3.4.2 Histoplasmosis 124
3.3.4.3 Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) 126
4. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INFECTIONS 133-194
4.1 Upper Alimentary Tract Infections 133
4.1.1 Oral Bacterial Infections- Pathogenesis, Epidemiology,
Treatment and Prevention 133
4.1.1.1 Dental Plaque 134
4.1.1.2 Peridontitis/Gingivitis 135
4.1.2 Viral Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands-Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 136
4.1.2.1 Herpes Simplex Virus Infection 136
4.1.2.2 Mumps Virus 139
4.1.3 Infections of Stomach-causative Agent, Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 141
4.2 Lower Alimentary Tract Infections 145
4.2.1 Infectious Intestinal Diseases 145
Contents xv
4.2.2 Viral Infections of the lower intestinal tract-Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and prevention 164
4.2.2.1 Rotavirus 164
4.2.2.2 Enteric Adenoviruses 166
4.2.2.3 Norwalk Virus and Other Caliciviruses 167
4.2.3 Fungal Infections-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology,
Treatment and Prevention 167
4.2.4 Parasitic Infections 168
4.2.4.1 Intestinal Helminthes and Nematodes:Pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 168
4.2.4.2. Intestinal Protozoan Parasites 172
5. URINARY AND GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS 195-220
5.1 Urinary Tract Infections 195
5.1.1 Bladder Infections 195
5.1.2 Kidney Infections 197
5.2 Genital Tract Infections 198
5.2.1 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) 198
5.2.1.1 Chlamydia 198
5.2.1.2 Gonorrhoea 200
5.2.1.3 Genital Warts 202
5.2.1.4 Genital Herpes 204
5.2.1.5 Trichomonas 205
5.2.1.6 Syphilis 208
5.2.1.7 HIV 211
5.2.2 Other Infections 215
5.2.2.1 Candidiasis 215
5.2.2.2 Bacterial Vaginosis 217
6. BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC INFECTIONS 221-280
6.1 Bacterial Infections of the Blood Vascular System 221
6.1.1 Bacterial Endocarditis 221
6.1.2 Septicemia or "Blood Poisoning" 222
6.1.3 Bacterial Diseases Involving Lymph Nodes and Spleen 225
6.1.3.1 Tularemia 225
6.1.3.2 Brucellosis 227
6.1.3.3 Plague 229
6.2 Viral Diseases of the Lymphoid System-Burkitt's Lymphoma, Mononucleosis,
HIV Infection, Chikungunya Virus, Dengue Virus, Ebola Virus 234
6.2.1 Burkitt's Lymphoma 234
6.2.2 Mononucleosis 235
6.2.3 HIV Infection 236
6.2.4 Chikungunya Fever 236
6.2.5 Dengue Virus 239
6.2.6 Ebola Virus 243
xvi Handbook of Disease Causing Microbes
6.3 Protozoal Diseases of the Blood and Lymphatic System 246
6.3.1 Chagas Disease 246
6.3.2 Toxoplasmosis 250
6.3.3 Malaria 254
6.3.4 Leishmaniasis 261
6.3.5 Babesiosis 265
6.3.6 Schistosomiasis 265
6.3.7 Lymphatic Filariasis 269
7. NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS 281-318
7.1 Bacterial Infections of the Nervous System 281
7.1.1 Meningitis-Mode of Action, Laboratory Diagnosis and Prevention 281
7.1.2 Mycobacterium Leprae 285
7.1.3 Tetanus 289
7.1.4 Botulism 292
7.2 Viral Infections of the Nervous System 294
7.2.1 Encephalitis 295
7.2.2 Poliomyletis-Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Prevention 297
7.2.3 Human rabies-Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Transmission
and Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 301
7.3 Fungal infections of the Central Nervous system 305
7.3.1 Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis-Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnosis,
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 305
7.4 Protozoal Infection 308
7.4.1 African Sleeping Sickness- Causal Organism, Mode of Action, Symptoms,
Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention 308
7.4.2 Amebic Meningoencephalitis 313
7.4.3 Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) 314
8. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS 319-330
8.1 Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) 320
8.2 Bloodstream Infection 323
8.3 Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (HAUTI) 324
8.4 Other Antibiotic-Resistant Nosocomial Infections 326