Main description:

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and major cause of long-term disability, directly impacting the quality of life, worldwide. Strokes with more rare, and unknown causes unfortunately receive little to no attention due to the heterogeneity of disorders and a poor understanding of clinical features. There are considerable variations in the etiology of this rare sub-category of stroke; requiring heightened clinical awareness for recognition, evaluation and treatment. This book provides up-to-date guidance, through case reports concisely summarised by global leaders in the field describing the diagnosis and treatment of rare causes of stroke, from vasculitis, hypercoagulable states, hereditary and genetic factors, cardioembolism, vasculopathies, venous occlusive conditions to bone disorders. Offering practical advice and algorithms, this book aids the clinician in establishing an accurate diagnosis through detailed evaluation of such patients, leading to an early diagnosis improving risk assessment and family counselling.

Contents:

1. Inflammatory conditions; 1.1.Isolated vasculitis of the central nervous system; 1.2. Primary systemic vasculitis; 1.2.a. Giant cell vasculitis; 1.2.a.1. Temporal arteritis; 1.2.a.2. Takayasu arteritis; 1.2.b. Necrotising Vasculitis; 1.2.b.1. Polyarteritis Nodosa(PAN); 1.2.b.2. Churg strauss syndrome; 1.2.c. Granulomatosis vasculitis; 1.2.c.1. Wegener granulomatosis; 1.2.c.2. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis; 1.2.d. Vasculitis with prominent eye movement; 1.2.d.1. Susac syndrome; 1.2.d.2. Vogt koyanagi harada disease; 1.2.d.3. Easles disease; 1.2.d.4. Cogan disease; 1.3. Vasculitis secondary to systemic disease; 1.3.a. Systemic lupus erythematosis; 1.3.b. Behcet's disease; 1.3.c. Syoegren syndrome; 1.3.d. Sarcoidosis; 1.3.e. Inflammatory bowel disease; 1.3.f. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy related; 2. Infectious and postinfectious vasculitis; 2.1. Meningovascular syphilis; 2.2.Neuroborelliosis; 2.3. Tuberculosis meningitis; 2.4. Bacterial meningitis; 2.5. Neurocysticercosis; 2.6. VZV related: CMV and herpes infections; 2.7. HIV infection; 2.8. Chagas disease; 3. Hypercoagulable causes of stroke; 3.1. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; 3.2. Hyperhomocysteinemia; 3.3. Hyperviscosity syndrome; 3.4. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and moschkowitz syndrome; 3.5. Henoch schoenlein purpura; 3.6. Cancer associated stroke; 4. Drug related stroke; 4.1. Medication related stroke; 4.2. Illicit drug related stroke; 5. Hereditary and genetic causes of stroke; 5.1. Genetic collagen disorders; 5.1.a. Ehlerdanlos syndrome; 5.1.b. Marfan syndrome; 5.1.d. Neurofibromatosis; 5.2. Genetic small vessel disease; 5.2.a. Cerebral autosomal dominant /recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy-CADASIL and CARASIL; 5.2.b.Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy with systemic manifestations (RVCL-S); 5.3. Genetic metabolic diseases; 5.3.a. Fabry disease; 5.3.b. Mitokondrial diseases; 5.3.c. Menkes disease; 5.3.d. Tangier disease; 5.3.e. Organic acid disorders; 6. Rare causes of cardioembolism; 6.1. Paradoxal embolism: Patent foramen ovale; 6.2. Infective Endocarditis; 7. Vasospastic conditions and other vasculopathies; 7.1. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; 7.2. Eclampsia and stroke during pregnancy and postpartum; 7.3. Migraine and migraine like conditions; 8. Other non-inflammatory vasculopathies; 8.1. Moyamoya disease; 8.2. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; 8.3. Dolicoectasia and fusiform aneurysms; 8.4. Carotid artery dissection; 9.Venous occlusive conditions; 9.1. Cerebral venous thrombosis; 10.1. Bone disorders and stroke; 10.2. Eagle syndrome.