Main description:

Since the discovery of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), these non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to investigate the state of cortical excitability, and the excitability of the cortico-cortical and corticospinal pathways. In addition, these techniques have been found to induce neuroplasticity—a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the brain at work.

Transcranial Brain Stimulation presents a wide range of possible brain stimulation applications and discusses what new information can be gained from using this technique on the dynamics of brain functions, hierarchical organization, and effective connectivity. Implications of recent findings related to the therapeutic application are discussed by an international group of leading experts, who present practical guidance on the use of each technique, and catalog the results of numerous TMS and tES studies on biological and behavioral effects.

Contents:

Basic Aspects
Basic Principles and Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Yiftach Roth and Abraham Zangen
Physiological Basis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
John C. Rothwell, Martin Sommer, and Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
Cellular and Network Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Insights from Animal Models and Brain Slice
Marom Bikson, Davide Reato, and Asif Rahman
Physiological Basis and Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Electric Stimulation (tDCS, tACS, and tRNS)
Walter Paulus, Andrea Antal, and Michael A. Nitsche
Biophysical Foundations of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Electric Stimulation: From Electromagnetic Fields to Neural Response
Timothy A. Wagner and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda
Patterned Protocols of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Stefan Jun Groiss, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Walter Paulus, and Ying-Zu Huang
Motor Cortical and Corticospinal Measures in Health and Disease
Massimo Cincotta, Angelo Quartarone, and Giovanni Abbruzzese
Neurophysiological (Mainly Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) Techniques to Test Functional Neuroanatomy of Cortico-Cortical Connectivity
Paolo M. Rossini and Michael Charles Ridding
Understanding Homeostatic Metaplasticity
Anke Karabanov, Ulf Ziemann, Joseph Classen, and Hartwig Roman Siebner
Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Neuroimaging
Hanna Mäki and Risto J. Ilmoniemi

Biology
Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Stimulation
Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, James T.H. Teo, and Binith Cheeran

Imaging-Brain Mapping
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroimaging: Novel Ways of Assessing Causal Relationships in Brain Networks
Jacinta O’Shea, Gregor Thut, and Sven Bestmann

Perception and Cognition
Transcranial Magnetic and Electric Stimulation in Perception and Cognition Research
Carlo Miniussi, Géza Gergely Ambrus, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Vincent Walsh, and Andrea Antal

Therapeutic Applications
Therapeutic Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neurology
Anli Liu, Felipe Fregni, Friedhelm C. Hummel, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Safety
Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: With a Note on Regulatory Aspects
Simone Rossi