Main description:

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons we began to publish in 1974 this series devoted to Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume. In the second part of each volume, we publish detailed descriptions of standard operative procedures, furnished by experienced clinicians; in these articles the authors describe the techniques they employ and explain the advantages, difficulties and risks involved in the various procedures. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their post graduate training. However, we are convinced that it will also be useful to experienced, fully trained neurosurgeons.

Contents:

Hugo Krayenbiihl-An Appreciation.- A. Advances.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System.- Physical Principles and Instrumentation.- NMR Pulse Sequences.- Safety.- Image Interpretation.- Cerebrovascular Disease.- Intracranial Haemorrhage.- Intracranial Infection.- White Matter Disease.- Trauma.- Degenerative Diseases and Diseases of the Basal Ganglia.- Congenital and Inherited Diseases.- Hydrocephalus.- Tumour.- Paediatric Neurological Diseases.- Spine.- Spectroscopy.- Conclusions.- References.- Glossary of Terms.- Update and Trends in Venous (VDSA) and Arterial (ADSA) Digital Subtraction Angiography in Neuroradiology.- Summary.- Index Terms.- Material and Method.- Imaging System.- The Examination Method.- Injection.- Factors Influencing the Image Quality.- Results.- Discussion and Conclusions.- Acknowledgement.- References.- B. Technical Standards.- Arteriovenoes Malformations of the Spinal Cord.- The Arterial and Venous Anatomy of the Spinal Cord.- Classification of Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations.- Dural Arteriovenous Malformations.- Pathology.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical Features of Arteriovenous Malformations.- Dural Arteriovenous Malformations.- Intramedullary Arteriovenous Malformations.- Investigation.- CSF Investigations.- Myelography.- Spinal Angiography.- Treatment of Dural Arteriovenous Malformations.- Embolization.- Direct Surgical Management.- Surgical Technique.- Treatment of Intramedullary Arteriovenous Malformations.- Embolization.- Surgical Treatment.- Results of Treatment.- Dural Arteriovenous Malformations.- Intramedullary and Mixed Arteriovenous Malformations.- Summary.- References.- Tumors of the Lateral Ventricles.- 1. Etiology-Anatomy.- Meningiomas.- Papillomas.- Ependymomas.- Sub-Ependymomas.- Sub-Ependymal Giant-Cell Astrocytomas.- Malignant Tumors of the Choroid Plexus.- Carcinoma.- Melanoma.- Miscellaneous.- Oligodendroglioma.- Xanthogranuloma.- Teratocarcinoma.- Hemangioma.- Hemangioblastoma.- Epidermoid Tumor.- Cyst of the Choroid Plexus.- Cysticercosis.- Metastases.- Various Other Types of Tumors.- 2. Symptoms and Signs.- Presenting Symptoms.- Physical Findings.- Clinical Syndromes.- 3. Radiographic Diagnosis.- Plain Skull Films.- Positive Contrast and Air Ventriculography.- Air Encephalography.- Angiographie Studies.- General CT Appearance of Intra-Ventricular Tumors.- Angiographie and CT Appearance of the Main Pathological Types.- Choroid Plexus Tumors.- Intra-Ventricular Meningiomas.- Ependymal Tumors.- Subependymomas.- Astrocytomas.- Oligodendrogliomas.- Miscellaneous.- 4. Surgery.- The Frontal Transcortical Approach.- The Anterior Transcallosal Approach.- The Parietal Transcortical Approach.- The Temporal Transcortical Approach.- Technical Variants.- 5. Results.- Personal Experience.- Case Material.- Deaths.- Radiation Therapy.- Second Operations.- Results in the Literature.- Ependymomas.- Meningiomas.- Choroid Plexus Tumors.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Traumatic, Spontaneous and Postoperative CSF Rhinorrhea.- Historical Notes.- Causes of Rhinorrhea.- A. Traumatic Rhinorrhea.- The Incidence of Rhinorrhea.- Fistula Locations.- The Kind of Fractures.- Manifestation of a CSF Fistula.- B. So-Called Spontaneous Rhinorrhea.- C. Postoperative CSF Fistulas with Rhinorrhea.- Diagnosis and Location of CSF Fistula.- Detection of a Hidden CSF Leakage.- Identification of CSF.- Glucose Oxidase Test.- Immunoelectrophoretical Identification.- Identification Using Isotope Tracers.- Location of the Fistula.- 1. From Clinical Findings.- 2. Plain X-rays.- 3. Polytomography.- 4. Isotope Cisternography.- 5. CT Investigation.- 6. Positron Emission Tomography.- Treatment.- A. Traumatic CSF Fistulas.- 1. Selection of Patients.- 2. Timing of Surgery.- 3. Operative Treatment.- a) Ethmoido-Frontal Fistulas.- The Approach.- The Repair of the Dura.- The Choice of Graft Material.- Closure of Bone Defects.- Closure of the Wound and Postoperative Care.- b) Sphenoidal Fistulas.- The Approach.- The Fistula Closure.- B. Spontaneous CSF Fistulas.- If No Fistula Opening Can Be Identified.- Basal Tumour Cases.- Meningo- or Encephalocele.- Raised Intracranial Pressure.- Cocain Sniffer.- Empty Sella Syndrome.- C. Postoperative CSF Fistulas.- 1. Pituitary Tumours.- Frontal Approach.- Transsphenoidal Approach.- Prevention.- Intraoperative Leakage.- Postoperative CSF Leakage.- 2. Olfactory Groove Meningiomas.- 3. Other Skull Base Tumours.- 4. CSF Fistulas Resulting from ENT Operations.- D. Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Therapy.- Literature Reports About the Effectiveness of Antibiotic Prophylaxis.- Patients Waiting for Operative Treatment.- Patients with Meningitis.- Results.- A. Non-Operated Patients.- B. Operative Mortality and Morbidity.- 1. Mortality.- 2. Morbidity.- C. Failures and Recurrences.- Senior Author's Address.- Summary.- References.- Author Index.- Cumulative Subject Index of Vol. 1-10.