Main description:

This book provides a comprehensive and concise, review of the fundamental concepts and clinical indications for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging. An overview of the physics of ultrasonography as it pertains to TCD is presented, as well as neuroanatomy and cerebrovascular physiology in healthy and diseased states. Recommended protocols for neuroimaging are reviewed and serves as a guide for existing neurovascular laboratories and medical systems seeking to develop laboratories that are in need of a guide to establish their own protocols.

The most common, relevant and challenging clinical conditions where TCD is incorporated to assist with patient management are discussed. In addition, chapters provide a framework for building a neurovascular laboratory, including necessary equipment, steps to obtain national accreditation by accrediting bodies, and reimbursement procedures for tests performed. The book concludes with "clinical pearls" and "tricks of the trade", which serve as a commentary to guide physicians and neurosonologists on best-practices for TCD acquisition and interpretation.

Contents:

Principles of TCD Sonography

Overview of Pertinent Cerebral Vascular Anatomy

Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Physiology

TCD Procedures and Protocols:

Complete TCD Exam

Monitoring in the Neuro-intensive care setting

Monitoring for Emboli Detection

Monitoring for Emboli Detection with Microbubbles

Vasomotor Reactivity (VMR)

Assessment of Cerebral Circulatory Arrest

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter

Monitoring of reperfusion therapies in acute stroke

Diseases:

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm

Intracranial Stenosis

Brain Death

Traumatic Brain Injury

Emboli Detection and Intracardiac shunts (Patent Foramen Ovale)

Sickle Cell Disease

Moyamoya Disease

Pediatric Diseases

Vertebral Steal

Meningitis

TCD Criteria, Formulae and Calculations: How to manually calculate

Autoregulation and Vasomotor Reactivity

Therapeutic TCD for patients with acute cerebral ischemia

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter measurement for increased ICP

TCD and cerebrovascular physiology in the setting of mechanical circulatory support

Pearls and Case Studies

TCD equipment, lab accreditation, reimbursement and practice issues

Tricks of the Trade