BRS Embryology, Fifth Edition is a succinct outline-format review for USMLE and course exams, with review questions at the end of each chapter and a comprehensive USMLE-style examination at the end of the book. The text outlines the important facts and concepts tested on the USMLE, within the context of human embryologic development. The book also includes radiographs, sonograms, computed tomography scans, and photographs of various congenital malformations. This edition has been updated and includes new, additional USMLE-style questions. Clinical images have been placed closer to the relevant text.

A companion website offers the fully searchable text and an interactive question bank.

Preface

1. Prefertilization Events

• I. Sexual Reproduction
• II. Chromosomes
• III. Meiosis
• IV. Oogenesis: Female Gametogenesis
• V. Spermatogenesis: Male Gametogenesis
• VI. Clinical Considerations
• Study Questions for Chapter 1 Answers and Explanations

2. Week 1 of Human Development (Days 1-7)

• I. Fertilization
• II. Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation
• III. Implantation
• IV. Clinical Considerations
• Study Questions for Chapter 2 Answers and Explanations

3. Week 2 of Human Development (Days 8-14)

• I. Further Development of the Embryoblast
• II. Further Development of the Trophoblast
• III. Development of Extraembryonic Mesoderm
• IV. Clinical Considerations
• Study Questions for Chapter 3 Answers and Explanations

4. Embryonic Period (Weeks 3-8)

• I. General Considerations
• II. Further Development of the Embryoblast
• III. Vasculogenesis
• IV. Hematopoiesis
• V. Clinical Considerations
• Study Questions for Chapter 4 Answers and Explanations

5. Cardiovascular System

• I. Formation of Heart Tube
• II. Primitive Heart Tube Dilatations
• III. The Aorticopulmonary (AP) Septum
• IV. The Atrial Septum
• V. The Atrioventricular (AV) Septum
• VI. The Interventricular (IV) Septum
• VII. The Conduction System of the Heart
• VIII. Coronary Arteries
• IX. Development of the Arterial System
• X. Development of the Venous System
• Study Questions for Chapter 5 Answers and Explanations

6. Placenta and Amniotic Fluid

• I. Formation of the Placenta
• II. Placental Components: Decidua Basalis and Villous Chorion
• III. Placental Membrane
• IV. The Placenta as an Endocrine Organ
• V. The Umbilical Cord
• VI. Circulatory System of the Fetus
• VII. Amniotic Fluid
• VIII. Twinning
• IX. Clinical Considerations
• Study Questions for Chapter 6 Answers and Explanations

7. Nervous System

• I. Overview
• II. Development of the Neural Tube
• III. Neural Crest Cells
• IV. Placodes
• V. Vesicle Development of the Neural Tube
• VI. Histogenesis of the Neural Tube
• VII. Layers of the Early Neural Tube
• VIII. Development of the Spinal Cord
• IX. Development of the Myelencephalon
• X. Development of the Metencephalon
• XI. Development of the Mesencephalon
• XII. Development of the Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis
• XIII. Development of the Telencephalon
• XIV. Development of the Sympathetic Nervous System
• XV. Development of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
• XVI. Development of the Cranial Nerves
• XVII. Development of the Choroid Plexus
• XVIII. Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
• Study Questions for Chapter 7 Answers and Explanations

8. Ear

• I. Overview
• II. The Internal Ear
• III. The Membranous and Bony Labyrinths
• IV. Middle Ear
• V. External Ear
• VI. Congenital Malformations of the Ear
• Study Questions for Chapter 8 Answers and Explanations

9. Eye

• I. Development of Optic Vesicle
• II. Development of Other Eye Structures
• III. Congenital Malformations of the Eye
• Study Questions for Chapter 9 Answers and Explanations

10. Digestive System

• I. Overview
• II. Derivatives of the Foregut
• III. Derivatives of the Midgut

Abbreviated Table of Contents