Main description:

This book aims to gather the current knowledge regarding different aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors in order to more efficiently help the patients. Brain tumors comprise about 5-9% of all human neoplasms; and the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. The more we know about the nature and characteristic of brain and spinal cord tumors, the more precise decision could be made for each patient, in order to reach the best outcome. While surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been considered as the standards of care for benign and/or malignant CNS tumors since a long time ago, new therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy have been recently proposed to be considered for treatment of CNS tumors, especially as in some cases, the tumors might be inoperable or the patient may not benefit from other treatment modalities after several recurrences.

The second volume of the book focuses on clinical aspects of these tumors. Accordingly, the most important brain and spinal cord tumors are specifically discussed in each chapter based on a rational outlining for all chapter in this volume: Background and epidemiology, genetics, immunology and molecular biology, histopathology and morphology, imaging and radiologic features, clinical manifestations, therapeutic approaches, surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, new therapeutic modalities, follow-up, and prognosis. The chapters of this volume discuss the following pathologies of brain and spinal cord tumors: malignant glioma, benign glioma, meningiomas and other meningeal tumors, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, pineal tumors, choroid plexus and ventricular tumors, neuroectodermal tumors of CNS, neuroepithelial tumors of CNS, pituitary gland tumors, craniopharyngioma, schwannomas and nerve-sheet tumors, hemangioblastomas and other vascular originating tumors, brain and spinal tumors of embryonic origin, germ line cell tumors, malignant bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, benign bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, brain tumors affecting the orbit globe and orbit tumors affecting the brain, CNS lymphomas, metastatic lesions of the brain and spine, malignant spinal tumors, benign spinal tumors, brain and/or spinal cord tumors accompanied with other diseases or syndromes, psychological and psychiatric aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors, a brief explanation on surgical approaches for treatment of different brain tumors. This volume of book is useful for physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists, and neuroradiologists.

Contents:

Chaptre 1. Malignant Glioma

Linda M. Wang, Zachary K. Englander, Michael L. Miller, Jeffrey N. Bruce

1.1. Background and Epidemiology

1.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

1.3. Histopathology and Morphology

1.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

1.5. Clinical Manifestations

1.6. Therapeutic Approaches

1.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

1.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 2. Benign Glioma

Peter B. Wu, Anna C. Filley, Michael L. Miller, Jeffrey N. Bruce

2.1. Background and Epidemiology

2.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

2.3. Histopathology and Morphology

2.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

2.5. Clinical Manifestations

2.6. Therapeutic Approaches

2.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

2.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 3. Meningioma and Other Meningeal Tumors

Bailo Michele. Filippo Gagliardi, Nicola Boari, Alfio Spina, Martina Piloni, Antonella Castellano, Pietro Mortini

3.1. Background and Epidemiology

3.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

3.3. Histopathology and Morphology

3.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

3.5. Clinical Manifestations

3.6. Therapeutic Approaches

3.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

3.8. Other Meningeal Tumors

3.9. Conclusion

Chaptre 4. Epondymomas in Pediatric and Adults

Marios Lampros, Nikolaos Vlachos, George A. Alexiou

4.1. Background and Epidemiology

4.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

4.3. Histopathology and Morphology

4.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

4.5. Clinical Manifestations

4.6. Therapeutic Approaches

4.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

4.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 5. Medulloblastomas in Pediatric and Adults

Sergey Gorelyshev, Olga Medvedeva, Nadezhda Mazerkina, Marina Ryzhova, Olga Krotkova, Andrey V. Golanov

5.1. Background and Epidemiology

5.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

5.3. Histopathology and Morphology

5.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

5.5. Clinical Manifestations

5.6. Therapeutic Approaches

5.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

5.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 6. Benign and Malignant Tumors of The Pineal Region

Pavan S. Upadhyayula, Justin A. Neira, Michael Miller, and Jeffrey N. Bruce

6.1. Background and Epidemiology

6.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

6.3. Histopathology and Morphology

6.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

6.5. Clinical Manifestations

6.6. Therapeutic Approaches

6.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

6.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 7. The Tumors of Choroid Plexus and Other Ventricular Tumors

Pietro Spennato, Lucia De Martino, Carmela Russo, Maria Elena Errico, Alessia Imperato, Federica Mazio, Giovanni Miccoli, Lucia Quaglietta, Massimo Abate, Eugenio Covelli, Vittoria D'Onofrio, Giuseppe Cinalli

7.1. Background and Epidemiology

7.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

7.3. Histopathology and Morphology

7.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

7.5. Clinical Manifestations

7.6. Therapeutic Approaches

7.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

7.8. Other Intraventricular Tumors

7.9. Conclusion

Chaptre 8. Embryonal Tumors of The Central Nervous System with Multilayered Rosettes and Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors

Margarita Kamenova, Radka Kaneva, Kamelia Genova, Nikolay Gabrovsky

8.1. Background and Epidemiology

8.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

8.3. Histopathology and Morphology

8.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

8.5. Clinical Manifestations

8.6. Therapeutic Approaches

8.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

8.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 9. Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Matteo Martinoni, Viscardo Paolo Fabbri, Emanuele La Corte, Mino Zucchelli, Sofia Asioli, Caterina Giannini

9.1. Background and Epidemiology

9.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

9.3. Histopathology and Morphology

9.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

9.5. Clinical Manifestations

9.6. Therapeutic Approaches

9.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

9.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 10. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Pituitary Gland

Luigi Albano, Marco Losa, Lina Raffaella Barzaghi, Pietro Mortini

10.1. Background and Epidemiology

10.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

10.3. Histopathology and Morphology

10.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

10.5. Clinical Manifestations

10.6. Therapeutic Approaches

10.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

10.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 11. Craniopharyngioma in Pediatric and Adults

Martina Piloni, Filippo Gagliardi, Michele Bailo, Marco Losa, Nicola Boari, Alfio Spina, and Pietro Mortini.

11.1. Background and Epidemiology

11.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

11.3. Histopathology and Morphology

11.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

11.5. Clinical Manifestations

11.6. Therapeutic Approaches

11.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

11.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 12. Schwannomas of Brain and Spinal Cord

Venelin Gerganov, Mihail. Petrov, Teodora Sakelarova

12.1. Background and Epidemiology

12.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

12.3. Histopathology and Morphology

12.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

12.5. Clinical Manifestations

12.6. Therapeutic Approaches

12.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

12.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 13. Other Nerve-Sheet Tumors of Brain and Spinal Cord

Milhail Petrov, Teodora Sakelarova, Venelin Gerganov

13.1. Background and Epidemiology

13.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

13.3. Histopathology and Morphology

13.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

13.5. Clinical Manifestations

13.6. Therapeutic Approaches

13.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

13.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 14. Hemangioblastomas and Other Vascular Originating Tumors of Brain or Spinal Cord

Ignazio G. Vetrano, Andrea Gioppo, Giuseppe Farago, Valentina Pinzi, Bianca Pollo, Morgan Broggi, Marco Schiariti, Paolo Ferroli, Francesco Acerbi

14.1. Background and Epidemiology

14.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

14.3. Histopathology and Morphology

14.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

14.5. Clinical Manifestations

14.6. Therapeutic Approaches

14.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

14.8. Other Vascular Originating Tumors

14.9. Conclusion

Chaptre 15. Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors of Embryonic Origin

Marios Lampros, George A. Alexiou

15.1. Background and Epidemiology

15.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

15.3. Histopathology and Morphology

15.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

15.5. Clinical Manifestations

15.6. Therapeutic Approaches

15.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

15.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 16. Brain and Spinal Tumors Originating from the Germ Line Cells

Tai-Tong Wong, Min-Lan Tsai, Hsi Chang, Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh, Donald Ming-Tak Ho, Shih-Chieh Lin, Hsiu-Ju Yen, Yi-Wei Chen, Hsin-Lun Lee, Tsui-Fen Yang

16.1. Background and Epidemiology

16.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

16.3. Histopathology and Morphology

16.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

16.5. Clinical Manifestations

16.6. Therapeutic Approaches

16.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

16.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 17. Benign Brain and Spinal Tumors Originating from Bone or Cartilage

Abhishek Gami, Andrew Schilling, Jeff Ehresman, Daniel M. Sciubba

17.1. Background and Epidemiology

17.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

17.3. Histopathology and Morphology

17.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

17.5. Clinical Manifestations

17.6. Therapeutic Approaches

17.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

17.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 18. Malignant Brain and Spinal Tumors Originating from Bone or Cartilage

Zachary C. Gersey, Georgios A. Zenonos, Paul A. Gardner

18.1. Background and Epidemiology

18.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

18.3. Histopathology and Morphology

18.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

18.5. Clinical Manifestations

18.6. Therapeutic Approaches

18.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

18.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 19. Brain Tumors Affecting the Orbit Globe and Orbit Tumors Affecting the Brain

Alfio Spina, Nicola Boari, Francesco Calvanese, Filippo Gagliardi, Michele Bailo, Martina Piloni, Pietro Mortini

19.1. Background and Epidemiology

19.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

19.3. Histopathology and Morphology

19.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

19.5. Clinical Manifestations

19.6. Therapeutic Approaches

19.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

19.8. Orbital Lesions

19.9. Conclusion

Chaptre 20. Lymphomas of Central Nervous System

Kiyotaka Yokogami, Minako Azuma, Hideo Takeshima, Toshinori Hirai

20.1. Background and Epidemiology

20.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

20.3. Histopathology and Morphology

20.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

20.5. Clinical Manifestations

20.6. Therapeutic Approaches

20.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

20.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 21. Metastatic Lesions of the Brain and Spine

Timothy H. Ung, Antonio Meola, and Steven D. Chang

21.1. Background and Epidemiology

21.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

21.3. Histopathology and Morphology

21.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

21.5. Clinical Manifestations

21.6. Therapeutic Approaches

21.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

21.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 22. Malignant Spinal Tumors

Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine, Nir Shimony, George I. Jallo

22.1. Background and Epidemiology

22.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

22.3. Histopathology and Morphology

22.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

22.5. Clinical Manifestations

22.6. Therapeutic Approaches

22.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

22.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 23. Benign Spinal Tumors

Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine, Nir Shimony, George I. Jallo

23.1. Background and Epidemiology

23.2. Genetics, Immunology and Molecular Biology

23.3. Histopathology and Morphology

23.4. Imaging and Radiologic Features

23.5. Clinical Manifestations

23.6. Therapeutic Approaches

23.7. Follow-up and Prognosis

23.8. Conclusion

Chaptre 24. Other Less Prevalent Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Jody Filippo Capitanio, and Pietro Mortini

24.1. Introduction

24.2. Neuroenteric Cyst and Bronchogenic Cyst

24.3. Lhermitte-Duclos Disease (Dysplastic Gangliocytoma - WHO Grade 1)

24.4. Gangliocytoma/Ganglioglioma

24.5. Central Neurocytomas

24.6. Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor (RGNT) of the CNS

24.7. Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PPGs)

24.8. Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET)

24.9. Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (EWS/pPNET)

24.10. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) - Histiocytosis X

24.11. Solitary Fibrous Tumors (known before as Hemangiopericytomas)

24.12. Olfactory Neuroblastoma / Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB)

24.13. Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT)

24.14. Desmoplastic (infantile) Astrocytoma/Ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG)

24.15. Choroid Plexus Papilloma, Atypical Choroid and Carcinoma of Plexus (CPPs)

24.16. Conclusion

Chaptre 25. Brain and/or Spinal Cord Tumors Accompanied with Other Diseases or Syndromes

Jody Filippo Capitanio, and Pietro Mortini

25.1. Introduction

25.2. Cavernomas of Brain and Spinal Cord

25.3. Syndromes Associated with CNS Tumors

25.4. Conclusion

Chaptre 26. Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors

Ahmad Pour-Rashidi, Allegra Carpaneto, Mohamad Namvar, Arad Iranmehr, Sara Hanaei, Nima Rezaei

26.1. Background and Epidemiology

26.2. Clinical Manifestations

26.3. Therapeutic Approaches for Cognitive Preservation

26.4. Follow-up and Prognosis

26.5. Conclusion

Chaptre 27. A Brief Explanation on Surgical Approaches for Treatment of Different Brain Tumors

Morgan Broggi, Costanza M. Zattra, Francesco Restelli, Francesco Acerbi, Mirella Seveso, Grazia Devigili, Marco Schiariti, Ignazio G. Vetrano, Paolo Ferroli, and Giovanni Broggi

27.1. Basic Principles of Neurosurgical Approaches in Brain Tumors Surgery

27.2. Neurosurgical Approaches and Brain Tumors Surgery

27.3. Tools to Improve Intraoperative Visualization, Extent of Resection and Postoperative Clinical Outcome

27.4. Conclusion