Main description:

The successful previous volume on this topic provided a detailed benchwork manual for the most commonly used animal models of acute neurological injuries including cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, vasospasm, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II: Injury and Mechanistic Assessments aims to collect chapters on assessing these disorders from cells and molecules to behavior and imaging. These comprehensive assessments are the key for understanding disease mechanisms as well as developing novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate or even prevent damages to the nervous system. Volume 2 examines global cerebral ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, as well as intensive sections covering traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Designed to provide both expert guidance and step-by-step procedures, chapters serve to increase understanding in what, why, when, where, and how a particular assessment is used.

Accessible and essential, Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II: Injury and Mechanistic Assessments will be useful for trainees or beginners in their assessments of acute neurological injuries, for experienced scientists from other research fields who are interested in either switching fields or exploring new opportunities, and for established scientists within the field who wish to employ new assessments.

Contents:

1. Introduction (Parts I-III)

R. Anne Stetler and Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon

Part I: Global Cerebral Ischemia (GCI)

2. Morphological Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia: Viable Cells

Peiying Li

3. Morphological Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia: Degenerated Cells

Peiying Li

4. Morphological Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia: Electron Microscopy

Irina S. Balan, Tibor Kristian, Chunli Liu, Andrew J. Saladino, and Bingren Hu

5. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia: mRNA

R. Anne Stetler and Yu Gan

6. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia: Protein

Yu Gan and R. Anne Stetler

7. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Global Cerebral Ischemia

Pinar Kendigelen, Dandan Sun, and Pelin Cengiz<

8. Assessment of Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus after Global or Focal Ischemia

Wei Liu and Jialing Liu

Part II: Focal Cerebral Ischemia (FCI)

9. Infarct Measurement in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: TTC Staining

Feng Zhang and Jun Chen

10. Morphological Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: White Matter Injury

Feng Zhang and Lyanne C. Schlichter

11. Blood Flow Reduction: Laser Doppler, 14C-IAP

Feng Zhang, Steven H. Graham, and Jun Chen

12. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: mRNA and MicroRNA

Yu Gan and R. Anne Stetler

13. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Protein

R. Anne Stetler and Yu Gan

14. Assessments of Inflammation After Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Xiaoming Hu and Jun Chen

15. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Sensorimotor Deficit

Yejie Shi and Dandan Sun

16. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Cognitive Deficit

Yejie Shi and Dandan Sun

17. Assessment of Neurogenesis in Models of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Feng-Yan Sun, Xiao Sun, Ji-Jiang Wang, Qiu-Wan Zhang, and Yong-Quan Wang

18. Assessment of Angiogenesis in Models of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Hong Shi, Yanqin Gao, and Weimin Liang

Part III: Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia (NHI)

19. Morphological Assessments of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: In Situ Cell Degeneration

Changlian Zhu and Klas Blomgren

20. Morphological Assessments of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: White Matter Injury

Dianer Yang and Chia-Yi Kuan

21. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Cell Signaling

Changlian Zhu and Klas Blomgren

22. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Inflammation

Xiaoming Hu and Jun Chen

23. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

Masanori Iwai and Jun Chen

24. Assessment of Neurogenesis and White Matter Regeneration

Masanori Iwai, Hiroko Tajiri, Shiro Matsumoto, Hiroshi Mitsubuch, and Fumio Endo

Part IV: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

25. Assessments for Traumatic Brain Injury: An Introduction

Kathryn E. Saatman

26. Morphological Assessments of Traumatic Brain Injury

Daniel van Bregt, Theresa Currier Thomas, Rachel D. Rowe, and Jonathan Lifshitz

27. Assessment of Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury

Douglas S. DeWitt and Donald S. Prough

28. Assessment of Membrane Permeability After Traumatic Brain Injury

Michelle C. LaPlaca and Marcus Chris Lessing

29. Assessment of Neurogenesis by BrdU Labeling After Traumatic Brain Injury

Jinhui Chen and Xiang Gao

30. Electrophysiological Approaches in Traumatic Brain Injury

Thomas M. Reeves and Beverly S. Colley

31. Biochemical and Molecular Biological Assessments of Traumatic Brain Injury

Coleen M. Atkins and Anthony Andrew Oliva, Jr.

32. Assessments of Oxidative Damage and Lipid Peroxidation after Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury

Jeffrey M. Bosken, Juan A. Wang, and Edward D. Hall

33. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Traumatic Brain Injury

James W. Bales, Kristin Macfarlane, and C. Edward Dixon

34. Vestibular Assessments Following Traumatic Brain Injury

James W. Bales, Kristin Macfarlane, and C. Edward Dixon

Part V: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

35. Introduction on Assessments for Spinal Cord Injury

Theo Hagg

36. Morphological Assessments Following Spinal Cord Injury

Chandler L. Walker and Xiao-Ming Xu

37. Assessment of Lesion and Tissue Sparing Volumes Following Spinal Cord Injury

Lyn B. Jakeman

38. Retrograde Axonal Tract Tracing

Lingxiao Deng, Xiaofei Wang, Chandler L. Walker, Yiwen Ruan, and Xiao-Ming Xu

39. Anterograde Axonal Tract Tracing

Xiaofei Wang, Lingxiao Deng, and Xiao-Ming Xu

40. Assessments of Gliogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury

Drew L. Sellers and Philip J. Horner

41. Assessing Microvessels After Spinal Cord Injury

Theo Hagg, Richard L. Benton, Janelle M. Fassbender, and Scott R. Whittemore

42. Physiological Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury

Lisa B.E. Shields, Yi Ping Zhang, and Christopher B. Shields

43. Electrophysiological Assessment of Spinal Cord Function on Rodents Using tcMMEP and SSEP

Yi Ping Zhang, Lisa B.E. Shields, and Christopher B. Shields

44. Operant Conditioning of Spinal Cord Reflexes in Rats

Xiang Yang Chen and Jonathan R. Wolpaw

45. Cellular and Molecular Biological Assessments of Inflammation and Autoimmunity After Spinal Cord Injury

Yi Zhang, Daniel P. Ankeny, and Phillip G. Popovich

46. Neurobehavioral Assessments of Spinal Cord Injury

Jed S. Shumsky and John D. Houle

47. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) Scale Locomotor Assessment Following Spinal Cord Injury and Its Utility as a Criterion for Other Assessments

Darlene A. Burke and David S.K. Magnuson

48. High Speed Video Recording Used for the Analysis of Hand Shaping in Over Ground Walking, Cylinder Exploration, Skilled Reaching, and Rung Walking in Rats

Ian Q. Whishaw and Lori-Ann Sacrey

49. Automated Gait Analysis Following Spinal Cord Injury

Jason E. Beare, Johnny R. Morehouse, David S.K. Magnuson, and Scott R. Whittemore

50. Forelimb Functional Assessments of Rats and Mice After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Stephen M. Onifer

51. Swimming as an Assessment of Hindlimb Function in Animals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Edward H. Brown, Johnny R. Morehouse, and David S.K. Magnuson

52. Neuroimaging Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury in Rodents

Mehmet Bilgen