Main description:

25 years have passed since a small group met for the First International Symposia on Brain Edema in Vienna. Subsequent Symposia were held in Mainz, Montreal, Berlin, Groningen, Tokyo and Baltimore. During this time we have witnessed a virtual explosion of the number of publications in this field and our basic and clinical understanding of this disease process has increased tremendously. Our meetings have always been a landmark to take stock of our experience so far and to provide perspectives toward future developments. In addition, it always was a good opportunity to renew old friendship and to make new friends. This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Brain Edema held on June 17-20, 1990 in Bern, Switzerland. During this Symposium 158 papers were presented as oral or poster presentations. This considerable number of papers was chosen from more than 230 abstracts that were received. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for the work done in paper selection and focus on the Symposium. Appreciation is also given to all persons, who have contributed to the success of this meeting, the Chairmen, the participants and last but not least all the staff who worked behind the scene.

Contents:

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Klaus Joachim Zulch. In Memoriam.- Pathophysiology I (Cell Volume Regulation, Methods).- Effects of Lactacidosis on Volume and Viability of Glial Cells.- Mechanisms Underlying Glutamate-induced Swelling of Astrocytes in Primary Culture.- The Mechanical Filtration Coefficient (Lp) of the Cell Membrane of Cultured Glioma Cells (C6).- Swelling of Astroglia in vitro and the Effect of Arginine Vasopressin and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.- Brain Interstitial Composition During Acute Hyponatremia.- Do the Skull and Dura Exert Influence on Brain Volume Regulation Following Hypo- and Hyperosmolar Fluid Treatment?.- In vivo Measurement of Intra- and Extracellular Space of Brain Tissue by Electrical Impedance Method.- Intracellular pH Regulation of Normal Rat Brain: 31P-MRS Study.- Measurement of Canine Cerebral Oedema Using Time Domain Reflectometry.- A New Mapping Study of Superoxide Free Radicals, Vascular Permeability and Energy Metabolism in Central Nervous System.- Measurement of Brain Tissue Density Using Pycnometry.- Pathophysiology II (Methods, Mediators).- Experimental Studies for Use of Magnetic Resonance in Brain Water Measurements.- MR Studies of Brain Oedema in the Developing Animal.- Passage of DMP Across a Disrupted BBB in the Context of Antibody-mediated MR Imaging of Brain Metastases.- Continuous Monitoring of Blood-Brain Barrier Opening to Cr51-EDTA by Microdialysis Following Probe Injury.- Effects of Antineutrophil Serum (ANS) on Posttraumatic Brain Oedema in Rats.- The Effect of Immunosuppression with Whole Body and Regional Irradiation on the Development of Cerebral Oedema in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Haemorrhage.- Effect of Stimulation of Leukocyte Chemotaxis by fMLP on White Blood Cell Behaviour in the Microcirculation of Rat Brain.- Leukotriene Production by Human Glia.- The Role of Arachidonic Acid and Oxygen Radicals on Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Permeability.- Possible Mechanism of Vasogenic Brain Oedema Induced by Arachidonic Acid.- Effects of the Arachidonate Lipoxygenase Inhibitor BW755C on Traumatic and Peritumoural Brain Oedema.- The Contribution of Secondary Mediators to the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Brain Oedema: Studies Using a Feline Infusion Oedema Model.- Comparative Effects of Direct and Indirect Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers on Traumatic Brain Oedema.- Pathophysiology III (Formation, Resolution).- The Effects of Cerebral Haemodynamics on the Progression of Cold-Induced Oedema.- Cryogenic Brain Oedema: Loss of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation as a Cause of Intracranial Hypertension. Implications for Treatment.- An Electron Microscopic and Electron Probe Study of the Microcirculation in Cold-Induced Oedema.- Accumulation of Oedema Fluid in Deep White Matter After Cerebral Cold Injury.- A Microstructural Study of Oedema Resolution.- Routed Protein Migration After Protein Extravasation and Water Leakage Caused by Cold Injury.- Immunocytochemical Studies of Oedema Protein Clearance in the Rat.- Pathophysiology IV (Treatment).- Effects of Anaesthetic Agents on Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Oedema from a Focal Lesion in Rabbit Brain.- Dose- and Time-dependent Effects of Dexamethasone on Rat Brain Following Cold-injury Oedema.- The Effect of Various Steroid Treatment Regimens on Cold-induced Brain Swelling.- Steroid and Hyperosmotic Diuretic Effects on the Early Phase of Experimental Vasogenic Oedema.- The Ambivalent Effects of Early and Late Administration of Mannitol in Cold-induced Brain Oedema.- Magnetic Resonance Study of Brain Oedema Induced by Cold Injury - Changes in Relaxation Times Before and After the Administration of Glycerol.- Transient Effect of Mannitol on Cerebral Blood Flow Following Brain Injury.- Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Brain Oedema: The Change of Water, Sodium, and Potassium Contents in the Brain.- Tumour and Brain Oedema (I).- In vivo Measurement of Brain Water by MRI.- 1H-NMR Studies on Water Structures in the Rat Brain Tissues with Cerebral Tumour or Ischaemia.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Regional Biochemical Analysis of Experimental Brain Tumours in Cats.- Magnetic Resonance Studies in Human Brain Oedema Following Administration of Hyperosmotic Agents.- MRI Contrast Enhancement by MnTPPS of Experimental Brain Tumours in Rats.- Human Malignant Gliomas Secrete a Factor that Increases Brain Capillary Permeability: Role in Peritumoural Brain Oedema.- Selective Opening of the Blood-Tumour Barrier by Intracarotid Infusion of Leukotriene C4.- Oxygen Free Radicals in the Genesis of Peritumoural Brain Oedema in Experimental Malignant Brain Tumours.- Effect of Recombinant Human Lipocortin I on Brain Oedema in a Rat Glioma Model.- Tumour and Brain Oedema (II).- Formation and Resolution of White Matter Oedema in Various Types of Brain Tumours.- Fluid Flow Rates in Human Peritumoural Oedema.- The Finite Element Analysis of Brain Oedema Associated with Intracranial Meningiomas.- The Effect of the Aminosteroid U-78517G on Peritumoural Brain Oedema.- Novel 21-aminosteroids Prevent Tumour Associated Neurological Dysfunction.- Therapeutic Effects of Topical Dexamethasone on Experimental Brain Tumours and Peritumoural Brain Oedema.- Evaluation of Glucose Transport in Malignant Glioma by PET.- Cerebral Blood Flow and Rheologic Alterations by Hyperosmolar Therapy in Patients with Brain Oedema.- Ischaemia and Brain Oedema I (Global Ischaemia).- Restoration of Energy Metabolism and Resolution of Oedema Following Profound Ischaemia.- Selective, Delayed Increase in Transfer Constants for Cerebrovascular Permeation of Blood-Borne 3H-Sucrose Following Forebrain Ischaemia in the Rat.- Electrical Impedance, rCBF, Survival and Histology in Mongolian Gerbils with Forebrain Ischaemia.- Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors, Oxidoreductive Processes and Brain Oedema Following Transient Ischaemia in Gerbils.- Cellular Swelling During Cerebral Ischaemia Demonstrated by Microdialysis in vivo: Preliminary Data Indicating the Role of Excitatory Amino Acids.- Role of Neuroexcitation in Development of Blood-Brain Barrier and Oedematous Changes Following Cerebral Ischaemia and Traumatic Brain Injury.- Inducible Ornithine Decarboxylase Expression in Brain Subject to Vasogenic Oedema After Transient Ischaemia: Relationship to C-fos Gene Expression.- Ischaemic Brain Oedema and Xanthine-Xanthine Oxidase System.- The Role of Endothelial Second Messenger's-Generating System in the Pathogenesis of Brain Oedema.- Effect of Glutamate and Its Antagonist on Shift of Water from Extra- to Intracellular Space After Cerebral Ischaemia.- Effect of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Ischaemic Brain Oedema.- Suppression of Water Shift into Intracellular Space by TA-3090 (Calcium Entry Blocker) Measured with NMR.- Ischemia and Brain Oedema II (Focal Ischemia).- Early Detection of Ischemic Injury: Comparison of Spectroscopy, Diffusion-, T2-, and Magnetic Susceptibility-Weighted MRI in Cats.- Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging and T2-Weighted MR Imaging in Acute Cerebral Ischaemia: Comparison and Correlation with Histopathology.- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Following CPR in Piglets.- Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Sodium and Albumin in Cerebral Infarcts of Rats.- Extravasation of Albumin in Ischaemic Brain Oedema.- Pathophysiological Studies in the Rat Cerebral Embolization Model: Measurement of Epidural Pressure and Evaluation of Tissue pH and ATP.- Determiners of Fatal Reperfusion Brain Oedema.- Ischaemia and Brain Oedema III.- Brain Oedema and Intracranial Pressure in Superior Sagittal Sinus Balloon Occlusion. An Experimental Study in Pigs.- Early Pathomorphological Changes and Intracranial Volume-Pressure: Relations Following the Experimental Saggital Sinus Occlusion.- Liposome-entrapped Superoxide Dismutase Ameliorates Infarct Volume in Focal Cerebral Ischaemia.- Effects of Ebselen (PZ 51) on Ischaemic Brain Oedema After Focal Ischaemia in Cats.- Post-ischaemic Treatment with the Prostacycline Analogue TTC-909 Reduces Ischaemic Brain Injury.- Attenuation of Glutamate-induced Neuronal Swelling and Toxicity in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase.- Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Ischaemic Brain Oedema Evaluated by the Proton Magnetic Resonance Method.- Nimodipine Attenuates Both Ischaemia-induced Brain Oedema and Mortality in a Rat Novel Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model.- MR Evaluation of Calcium Entry Blockers with Putative Cerebroprotective Effects in Acute Cerebral Ischaemia.- Effect of Steroid Therapy on Ischaemic Brain Oedema and Blood to Brain Sodium Transport.- Dexamethasone Does not Influence Infarct Size but Causes Haemorrhage in Baboons with Cerebral Infarcts.- Trauma and Brain Oedema (I).- Brain Oedema in Experimental Closed Head Injury in the Rat.- Development of Regional Cerebral Oedema After Lateral Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in the Rat.- Survival and Fibre Outgrowth of Neuronal Cells Transplanted into Brain Areas Associated with Interstitial Oedema.- Effect of Murine Recombinant Interleukin-1 on Brain Oedema in the Rat.- Early Cellular Swelling in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: A Phenomenon Mediated by Excitatory Amino Acids.- Changes in Extracellular Glutamate Concentration After Acute Subdural Haematoma in the Rat - Evidence for an "Excitotoxic" Mechanism?.- Ischaemic Brain Damage Associated with Tissue Hypermetabolism in Acute Subdural Haematoma: Reduction by a Glutamate Antagonist.- Autoradiographic Patterns of Brain Interstitial Fluid Flow After Collagenase-induced Haemorrhage in Rat.- Analysis of MRI and SPECT in Patients with Acute Head Injury.- The Time Course of Vasogenic Oedema After Focal Human Head Injury - Evidence from SPECT Mapping of Blood Brain Barrier Defects.- Intracerebral Haematoma: Aetiology and Haematoma Volume Determine the Amount and Progression of Brain Oedema.- Trauma and Brain Oedema (II).- Gadolinium-DTPA Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human Head Injury.- Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Traumatic Brain Contusions.- Large and Small "Holes" in the Brain: Reversible or Irreversible Changes in Head Injury.- Hemispheric CBF-Alterations in the Time Course of Focal and Diffuse Brain Injury.- Correlations Between Brain Oedema Volume on CT and CSF Dynamics in Severely Head Injured Patients.- Oedema Fluid Formation Within Contused Brain Tissue as a Cause of Medically Uncontrollable Elevation of Intracranial Pressure: The Role of Surgical Therapy.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurobehavioural Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury.- The Effect of Nimodipine on Outcome After Head Injury: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial.- Effect of THAM on Brain Oedema in Experimental Brain Injury.- A Comparative Analysis of THAM (Tris-buffer) in Traumatic Brain Oedema.- A Comparison of the Cerebral and Haemodynamic Effects of Mannitol and Hypertonic Saline in an Animal Model of Brain Injury.- Traumatic Brain Swelling and Operative Decompression: A Prospective Investigation.- The Novel 21-aminosteroid U-74006F Attenuates Cerebral Oedema and Improves Survival After Brain Injury in the Rat.- The Increase in Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization Following Fluid Percussion Brain Injury is Prevented with Kynurenic Acid and is Associated with an Increase in Calcium.- Various Disease Processes and Brain Oedema I (Hypertension, Hyperammonemia, Hydrocephalus).- Presence of Transendothelial Channels in Cerebral Endothelium in Chronic Hypertension.- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Caused by Impairment of Cerebral Autoregulation During Chronic Cerebral Vasospasm in Primates.- Effect of L-arginine on Haemoglobin-induced Inhibition of Endothelium-dependent Relaxation of Isolated Cerebral Arteries.- Cerebrovascular Permeability in Acute Hypertension: Effect of Flunarizine.- Glutamine Synthetase Inhibition Prevents Cerebral Oedema During Hyperammonemia.- Hydrocephalic Oedema in Normal-pressure Hydrocephalus.- Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Hydrostatic Brain Oedema.- Changes in Free Water Content and Energy Metabolism of the Brain in Experimental Hydrocephalus.- Venous and Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow in Patients with Brain Swelling and Oedema.- Various Disease Processes and Brain Oedema II (Pseudotumour, Irradiation, Infection, Stress).- Brain Water Accumulation in Pseudotumour Cerebri Demonstrated by MR-imaging of Brain Water Self-Diffusion.- Pseudotumour Cerebri-neurosurgical Considerations.- Clinical Evaluation and Long-Term Follow-up in 16 Patients with Pseudotumour Cerebri.- Polyamine Accumulation and Vasogenic Oedema in the Genesis of Late Delayed Radiation Injury of the Central Nervous System (CNS).- Dynamics of Tracer Distribution in Radiation Induced Brain Oedema in Rats.- Superoxide Dismutase Inhibits Brain Oedema Formation in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.- Perifocal Brain Oedema in Experimental Brain Abscess in Rats.- Brain Oedema and Cellular Changes Induced by Acute Heat Stress in Young Rats.- Brain Oedema, Mass Effects, CBF.- Automated Time-averaged Analysis of Craniospinal Compliance.- Changes in Epidural Pulse Pressure in Brain Oedema Following Experimental Focal Ischaemia.- Hemodynamic Effects of Decompressive Craniectomy in Cold Induced Brain Oedema.- Blood Flow and Metabolism in Vasogenic Oedema.- Effect of Mannitol on Intracranial Pressure-Volume Status and Cerebral Haemodynamics in Brain Oedema.- Effect of Gammahydroxybutyrate on Intracranial Pressure, Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Experimentally Induced Brain Oedema of the Rat.- Evaluation of Oedema Spreading and Intracranial Volume Reserve Using CT Image Numerical Analysis.- Quantitative Analysis of CT Visualized Periventricular and Perifocal Brain Oedema by Means of CSF Dynamics Infusion Test.- VPF and Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Brain Oedema.- Author Index.- Listed in Current Contents.