Main description:

This volume contains the most recent works on intracranial pressure and neuromonitoring in brain injury selected from 300 abstracts submitted to the 10th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure. It includes state of the art monitoring of the brain injured patient in intensive care as well as the current state of knowledge in neurochemical and oxygen monitoring of the injured brain. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of injury and the pathophysiology of ischemia and trauma are also included.

"... this publication presents a comprehensive survey of the present state of art in the field and thus gives directions for further research to those engaged in ICP measurement and neuromonitoring". Intensive Care Med

Contents:

Management of ICP and CPP.- Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes during Sustained Hypocapnia in Severe Head Injury: Can Hyperventilation Cause Cerebral Ischemia?.- Use of Vasopressors to Raise Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Head Injured Patients.- Effects on Intracranial Pressure of Fentanyl in Severe Head Injured Patients.- The Possible Role of CSF Hydrodynamic Parameters Following in Management of SAH Patients.- Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Uncontrollable Intracranial Hypertension.- A Comparison of the Effects of Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Utilisation.- Comparative Effects of Hypothermia, Barbiturate, and Osmotherapy for Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Patients with Severe Head Injury.- Incidence of Intracranial Hypertension after Severe Head Injury: A Prospective Study Using the Traumatic Coma Data Bank Classification.- Treatment of Elevated Intracranial Pressure by Infusions of 10% Saline in Severely Head Injured Patients.- Pharmacokinetics of Serum Glycerol and Changes of ICP: Comparison of Gastric and Duodenal Administration.- External Lumbar Drainage in Uncontrollable Intracranial Pressure in Adults with Severe Head Injury: A Report of 7 Cases.- ICP Measurement Techniques.- ICP-CBF Trauma Bolt, Laboratory Evaluation.- Bilateral ICP Monitoring: Its Importance in Detecting the Severity of Secondary Insults.- Clinical Evaluation of the Codman Microsensor Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System.- Cerebral Monitoring Devices: Analysis of Complications.- Comparison of Percutaneous Ventriculostomies and Intraparenchymal Monitor: A Retrospective Evaluation of 156 Patients.- Anterior Fontanelle Pressure Recording with the Rotterdam Transducer: Variation of Normal Parameters with Age.- Interhemispheric Pressure Gradients in Severe Head Trauma in Humans.- An Avoidable Methodological Failure in Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Using Fiberoptic or Solid State Devices.- Influence of Hyperventilation on Brain Tissue-PO2, PCO2, and pH in Patients with Intracranial Hypertension.- Non-Invasive Measurement of Pulsatile Intracranial Pressures Using Ultrasound.- Noninvasive Measurement of Intracranial Pressure in Neonates and Infants: Experience with the Rotterdam Teletransducer.- Neuromonitoring in Intensive Care.- Continous Monitoring of Cerebrovascular Pressure-Reactivity in Head Injury.- Real-Time Multiparametric Monitoring of the Injured Human Cerebral Cortex - a New Approach.- Continous Intracranial Multimodality Monitoring Comparing Local Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and Microvascular Resistance.- Significance of Multimodal Cerebral Monitoring under Moderate Therapeutic Hypothermia for Severe Head Injury.- Brain-Stem Auditory Evoked Potential Monitoring in Experimental Diffuse Brain Injury.- Complications and Safety Associated with ICP Monitoring: A Study of 542 Patients.- Morphological and Hemodynamic Evaluations by Means of Transcranial Power Doppler Imaging in Patients with Severe Head Injury.- The Effect of Experimental Spinal Cord Edema on the Spinal Evoked Potential.- Traumatic Brain Injury.- Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Acute Inflammation in Two Models of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Immature Rat: A Preliminary Report.- Prospective Analysis of Patient Management in Severe Head Injury.- Effects of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure on Brain Tissue PO2 in Patients with Severe Head Injury.- Neuroprotective Properties of Aptiganel HCl (Cerestat (c)) Following Controlled Cortical Impact Injury.- Relationship of Neuron Specific Enolase and Protein S-100 Concentrations in Systemic and Jugular Venous Serum to Injury Severity and Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury.- Antioxidant, OPC-14117, Attenuates Edema Formation, and Subsequent Tissue Damage Following Cortical Contusion in Rats.- Failure of Cerebral Autoregulation in an Experimental Diffuse Brain Injury Model.- Early Cerebral Blood Volume after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients with Early Cerebral Ischemia.- Moderate Hypothermia and Brain Temperature in Patients with Severe Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction.- Traumatic Brain Injury in the Developing Rat Pup: Studies of ICP, PVI and Neurological Response.- Efficiency of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)-Score for the Long-Term Follow-Up after Severe Brain Injuries.- Effects of Lecithinized SOD on Sequential Change in SOD Activity after Cerebral Contusion in Rats.- CSF Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Neurosurgical Patients with Ventriculostomy: A Randomised Study.- The Effect of Corticotrophin Releasing Factor on the Formation of Post-Traumatic Cerebral Edema.- Brain Oxygen Monitoring.- Monitoring of Brain Tissue PO2 in Traumatic Brain Injury: Effect of Cerebral Hypoxia on Outcome.- Bilateral Monitoring of CBF and Tissue Oxygen Pressure in the Penumbra of a Focal Mass Lesion in Rats.- High Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Improves Low Values of Local Brain Tissue O2 Tension (PtiO2) in Focal Lesions.- Determination of the Ischemic Threshold for Brain Oxygen Tension.- Brain Ischemia Detected by Tissue-PO2 Measurement and the Lactate-Oxygen Index in Head Injury.- Bifrontal Measurements of Brain Tissue-PO2 in Comatose Patients.- Determining Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Thresholds in Severe Head Trauma.- Effects of Injury and Therapy on Brain Parenchyma pO2, pCO2, pH and ICP Following Severe Closed Head Injury.- Simultaneous Continuous Measurement of pO2, pCO2, pH and Temperature in Brain Tissue and Sagittal Sinus in a Porcine Model.- Cerebral Oxygenation in Contusioned vs. Nonlesioned Brain Tissue: Monitoring of PtiO2 with Licox and Paratrend.- Monitoring Brain Oxygen Tension in Severe Head Injury: The Rotterdam Experience.- Molecular Mechanisms of Injury.- Expression of Immediate Early Gene c-fos in Rat Brain Following Increased Intracranial Pressure.- Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule Profiles and Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury.- Relevance of Calcium Homeostasis in Glial Cell Swelling from Acidosis.- Cerebral Accumulation of ?-Amyloid Following Ischemic Brain Injury with Long-Term Survival.- Diffuse Neuronal Perikaryon Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunoreactivity in a Focal Head Impact Model.- Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Neutrophil Accumulation and Vascular Adhesion Molecule Expression after Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats: A Preliminary Study.- Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.- Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and SPECT in the Management of Patients with SAH Hunt and Hess Grades I-II.- Hyperglycemia Induces Progressive Changes in the Cerebral Microvasculature and Blood-brain Barrier Transport during Focal Cerebral Ischemia.- Effects of Mild and Moderate Hypothermia on Cerebral Metabolism and Glutamate in an Experimental Head Injury.- Effects of Systemic Hypothermia and Selective Brain Cooling on Ischemic Brain Damage and Swelling.- Increase in Transcranial Doppler Pulsatility Index Does Not Indicate the Lower Limit of Cerebral Autoregulation.- Evaluation of Cerebrovascular CO2-Reactivity and Autoregulation in Patients with Post-Traumatic Diffuse Brain Swelling (Diffuse Injury III).- Microdialysis in Brain Injury.- Cortical Extracellular Sodium Transients after Human Head Injury: An Indicator of Secondary Brain Damage?.- Intraoperative Microdialysis and Tissue-pO2 Measurement in Human Glioma.- Relationship between Excitatory Amino Acid Release and Outcome after Severe Human Head Injury.- Selective Hippocampal Damage to Hypoxia after Mild Closed Head Injury in the Rat.- Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy.- The Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (MRS) in Children after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Report.- Preliminary Evaluation of a Prototype Spatially Resolved Spectrometer.- MRS: Dose Dependency of Local Changes of Cerebral HbO2 and Hb with pCO2 in Parietal Cortex.- Multimodal Hemodynamic Neuromonitoring - Quality and Consequences for Therapy of Severely Head Injured Patients.- Assessment of Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.- Biophysical Modeling of ICP.- The Relationship of Pulsatile Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow to Cerebral Blood Flow and Intracranial Pressure: A New Theoretical Model.- Indices for Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow Control - A Modelling Study.- Pathophysiology of ICP.- Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Swelling: Role of Cerebral Blood Volume.- Subdural Monitoring of ICP during Craniotomy: Thresholds of Cerebral Swelling/Herniation.- ICP during Anesthesia with Sevoflurane: A Dose-Response Study. Effect of Hypocapnia.- Radiation-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Changes: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.- Correlation Coefficient between Intracranial and Arterial Pressures: A Gauge of Cerebral Vascular Dilation.- Pathogenesis of the Mass Effect of Cerebral Contusions: Rapid Increase in Osmolality within the Contusion Necrosis.- Control of ICP and Cerebrovascular Bed by the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain.- The Relationship of Vasogenic Waves to ICP and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Head Injured Patients.- CSF Dynamics in a Rodent Model of Closed Head Injury.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Cluster Algorithm for Characterization of Brain Edema after Controlled Cortical Impact Injury (CCII).- Estimation of the Main Factors Affecting ICP Dynamics by Mathematical Analysis of PVI Tests.- Brain Tissue Pressure Gradients are Dependent upon a Normal Spinal Subarachnoid Space.- Resolution of Experimental Vasogenic Brain Edema at Different Intracranial Pressures.- Jugular Bulb Oximetry.- Jugular Saturation (SjvO2) Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH).- Complications of Internal Jugular Vein Retrograde Catheterization (IJVRC).- Jugular Bulb Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Severe Head Injury: Accuracy of Unilateral Measurements.- Hydrocephalus.- Comparison of Pcsf Monitoring and Controlled CSF Drainage Diagnose Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Does CSF Outflow Resistance Predict the Response to Shunting in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?.- Hydrodynamic Properties of Hydrocephalus Shunts.- Cine Phase-Contrast MR Imaging in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients: Relation to Surgical Outcome.- Cine MR CSF Flow Study in Hydrocephalus: What are the Valuable Parameters?.- Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Hydrocephalus - A Parameter Indicating Shunt Failure -New Aspects.- Quantitative Analysis of CSF Flow Dynamics using MRI in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Unstable Intracranial Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Clinical Significance of Ventricular Size in Shunted-Hydrocephalic Children.- Dual-Switch Valve: Clinical Performance of a New Hydrocephalus Valve.- CSF Dynamics in the Patient with a Programmable Shunt.- Evaluation of Shunt Function in Patients Who are Never Better, or Better than Worse after Shunt Surgery for NPH.- Differential Diagnosis of NPH and Brain Atrophy Assessed by Measurement of Intracranial and Ventricular CSF Volume with 3D FASE MRI.- Abstracts.- Author Index.- Index of Keywords.