Main description:

Intracranial Pressure is a linking keyword, uniting various aspects of diagnostics and treatment of hydrocephalus, head injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and brain ischaemia. This volume contains selected papers presented at the XIth International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Biochemical Monitoring, held in Cambridge, UK, in July 2000. Various clinical and experimental methodologies are discussed including multiparameter brain biochemical monitoring (including brain oxygenation, microdialysis and novel imaging techniques), assessment of cerebral autoregulation, measurement of brain compliance, etc. This state-of-the-art volume introduces neuroscientists into a world of new techniques, models, monitoring modalities but also theories and new concepts, which highlight directions for the further research and future clinical practice.

Contents:

Hydrocephalus.- How to Select Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus for Shunting?.- Agreement Between CSF Flow Dynamic in MRI and ICP Monitoring in the Diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Sensitivity and Specificity of CSF Dynamics to Predict Outcome.- Shunting to the Sagittal Sinus.- Why Valve Opening Pressure Plays a Relatively Minor Role in the Postural ICP Response to Ventricular Shunts in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Modeling and Implications.- Dynamic Shunt Testing Applying Short Lasting Pressure Waves - Inertia of Shunt Systems.- Factors Determining Mean ICP in Hydrocephalic Patients with Hakim-Programmable Valve: Implications of the Parallel Arrangement of the CSF Outflow Resistance and Shunt.- Shunt Testing in-Vivo: A Method Based on the Data from the UK Shunt Evaluation Laboratory.- Compensatory Mechanisms in Patients with Benign Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome.- Intracranial Hypertension after Surgery in Patients with Chiari I Malformation and Normal or Moderate Increase in Ventricular Size.- The Role of Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity in the Diagnosis of Chronic Hydrocephalus - A PET-Study on 60 Patients.- PET-Studies in Idiopathic Chronic Hydrocephalus Before and after Shunt-Treatment: The Role of Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) on Cerebral Hemodynamics.- Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Profiles of Shunt-Responder in Idiopathic Chronic Hydrocephalus - A 15-O-Water PET-Study.- Neuropsychological Testing to Improve Surgical Management of Patients with Idiopathic Chronic Hydrocephalus after Shunt Treatment.- Neuropsychological Sequels to Changes in Global Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity after Shunt Treatment in Chronic Hydrocephalus - A Quantitative PET-Study.- Communicating Hydrocephalus: The Biomechanics of Progressive Ventricular Enlargement Revisited.- Clinical Management of Head Injury.- Is CPP Therapy Beneficial for all Patients with High ICP?.- Metabolic Suppressive Therapy as a Treatment for Intracranial Hypertension - Why it Works and when it Fails.- Can Hyperventilation Improve Cerebral Microcirculation in Patients with High ICP?.- Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and SPECT in Patients after Craniocerebral Injury with Transtentorial Herniation.- Decompressive Craniectomy Following Traumatic Brain Injury: ICP, CPP and Neurological Outcome.- Evolving Lesions in Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Prospective Study of 110 Patients with Emphasis on the Role of ICP Monitoring.- Effect of Early Induction of Hypothermia on Severe Head Injury.- Significance of Temperature Difference Between Cerebral Cortex and Axilla in Patients Under Hypothermia Management.- ICP is Lower during Propofol Anaesthesia Compared to Isoflurane and Sevoflurane.- Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.- The Safety of the Open Lung Approach in Neurosurgical Patients.- Optimizing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) During Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Severe Head Injury: Effect of Hyperventilation.- Assessment of Cerebrovascular Reactivity.- ICP and CBF Regulation: Effect of the Decompressive Craniectomy.- ICP and CBF Regulation: A new Hypothesis to Explain the "Windkessel" Phenomenon.- Clinical Significance of Cerebral Autoregulation.- Routine Utilization of the Transient Hyperaemic Response Test after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.- Is Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD) Good Enough in Determining CO2 Reactivity and Pressure Autoregulation in Head-Injured Patients?.- Comparison Between two Static Autoregulation Evaluation Methods.- Asymmetry of Cerebral Autoregulation Following Head Injury.- Oscillations in the Near-Infrared Signal in Patients with Severe Head Injury.- Slow Rhythmic Intracranial CSF and Blood Flow: Registered by MRI.- Cyclic Variation of Cerebral Pial Arteriolar Diameter Synchronized with Positive Pressure Inhalation.- Spectral Characteristics of B-Waves and Other low-Frequency Activity.- Variation of Proposed Correlation Indices of Cerebrovascular Reactivity with Change of Arteriolar Diameter.- Use of Resistance-Area Product Derived from Doppler MCA Velocity to Estimate the Range of Active Cerebrovascular Regulation.- ICP Analysis.- Online Analysis of Intracranial Pressure Waves.- Information Technology and CPP Management in Neuro Intensive Care.- Multi-Centre Assessment of the Spiegelberg Compliance Monitor: Interim Results.- Clinical Experience in the use of the Spiegelberg Automated Compliance Device in the Assessment of Patients with Hydrocephalus.- Continuous Cerebral Compliance Monitoring in Severe Head Injury: Its Relationship with Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.- Intracranial Compliance as Bed-Side Monitoring Technique in Severely Head-Injured Patients.- An Experimental Evaluation of a new Intraparenchymal Continuous Compliance Probe: Preliminary Studies.- An Estimated Compliance Index Derived from Intracranial Pressure Recording.- Non-Invasive Assessment of Intracranial Compliance Using a New 2-D "Transit Time" vs "Frequency Centroid" Map.- Experimental: Physiology, HI Models, SAH, Ischaemia, Hydrocephalus.- Approximate Entropy: A Regularity Statistic for Assessment of Intracranial Pressure.- Simultaneous Measurement of Local Cortical Blood Flow and Tissue Oxygen Saturation by Near Infra-Red Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Remission Spectroscopy in the Pig Brain.- Cerebral Veno-Arterial pCO2 Difference as an Estimator of Uncompensated Cerebral Hypoperfusion.- Glial and Neuronal Serum Markers After Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in the Rat.- Long-Time in-Vivo Metabolic Monitoring Following Experimental Brain Contusion Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Determination of Contusion and Oedema Volume by MRI Corresponds to Changes of Brain Water Content Following Controlled Cortical Impact Injury.- Secondary Insults Worsen Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction Assessed by MRI in Cerebral Contusion.- Neuronal Activity Determined by Quantitative EEG and Cortical Microdialysis is Increased Following Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in Rats.- Norepinephrine is Superior to Dopamine in Increasing Cortical Perfusion Following Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in Rats.- Cortical Hypoperfusion Precedes Hyperperfusion Following Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in Rats.- Effects of Brain Hypothermia on Brain Edema Formation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats.- Appropriate Cerebral Perfusion Pressure During Rewarming after Therapeutic Hypothermia.- Diffuse Brain Injury Complicated by Acute Subdural Hematoma and Secondary Insults in the Rodents: The Effect of Surgical Evacuation.- Diffuse Brain Injury Complicated by Acute Subdural Hematoma in The Rodents: The Effect of Early or Delayed Surgical Evacuation.- Traumatic Subarachnoidal Hemorrhage in the Developing Rat.- Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Effect of Lysed Erythrocytes on Brain Edema and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability.- Brain Edema after Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Effects of Systemic Complement Depletion.- Metabolic Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid from a Double Hemorrhage Model of Dogs.- Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Edema Formation and Cerebrovascular Injury Following Focal Cerebral Ischemia.- ICP Monitoring Following Bilateral Carotid Occlusion in GFAP-Null Mice.- Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathways and Their Significance for the Compensation of Kaolin- Hydrocephalus.- Temporal and Regional Profile of Neuronal and Glial Cellular Injury after Induction of Kaolin Hydrocephalus.- Brain Biochemical Monitoring and Imaging.- Mechanisms of the Mass Effect of Cerebral Contusion: ICP Monitoring and Diffusion MRI Study.- Incidence of Intracranial Hypertension Related to Jugular Bulb Oxygen Saturation Disturbances in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.- Detection of Early Ischemia in Severe Head Injury by Means of Arteriovenous Lactate Differences and Jugular Bulb Oxygen Saturation. Relationship with CPP, Severity Indexes and Outcome. Prelimiary Analysis.- Non Invasive Local Cerebral Oxygenation Monitoring Using a Combination of Light and Ultrasound.- Brain Tissue PO2 Correlation with Cerebral Blood Flow.- Coexistence of Regional Cerebral Hypoxia with Normal or Hyperemic Brain Detected by Global Monitoring Methods. Analysis of Apparently Contradictory Findings Based on the Siggaard-Andersen Model of Tissue Hypoxia.- Therapeutic Aspects of Brain Tissue p02 Monitoring after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Dynamical Correlation Between Tissue pO2 and near Infrared Spectroscopy.- Effects of Hyperoxia on Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension in Cerebral Focal Lesions.- Detection of Secondary Insults by Brain Tissue pO2 and Bedside Microdialysis in Severely Head-Injury.- Intraoperative Monitoring of Brain Tissue Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Pressure in Peritumoural Oedema by Stereotactic Placement of Multiparameter Microsensors.- Effects of Variation in Cerebral Haemodynamics During Aneurysm Surgery on Brain Tissue Oxygen and Metabolism.- Microdialysate Nitrate/Nitrite Levels Following Severe Head Injury.- Neurochemical Changes in Ventilated Head-Injured Patients with Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Treatment Failure.- Satellite-Neurochemical Monitoring.- Third International Satellite Conference on Neuro-Chemical Monitoring (Satellite Panel Discussion).- Measurement of the Nitric Oxide Metabolites Nitrate and Nitrite in the Human Brain by Microdialysis.- Comparison of Microdialysate Arginine and Glutamate Levels in Severely Head-Injured Patients.- Temporal Profiles of Extracellular Nitric Oxide Metabolites Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Delayed Increase in Extracellular Glycerol with Post-Traumatic Electrographic Epileptic Activity: Support for the Theory that Seizures Induce Secondary Injury.- Clinical Cerebral Microdialysis - Determining the True Extracellular Concentration.- Extracellular Lactate/Pyruvate and Glutamate Changes in Patients during Peroperative Episodes of Cerebral Ischaemia.- The Evaluation of Brain CBF and Mitochondrial Function by a Fiber Optic Tissue Spectroscope in Neurosurgical Patients.- Application of Chemical Shift Imaging for Measurement of NAA in Head Injured Patients.- Investigation of Extracellular Amino Acid Release in Children with Severe Head Injury Using Microdialysis. A Pilot Study.