Main description:

This comprehensive volume is the current final word on the subject. It contains more than 90 papers, giving a summary of clinical and basic studies on cerebral vasospasm. It includes reviews by leading researchers in the field. Several new subjects are proposed for future research that will not only promote research from neurosurgery and neurology but also from other interconnecting fields of emergency medicine, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and vascular biology.

Contents:

Advances in vasospasm research.- Advances in vasospasm research.- Vasospasm pathogenies.- Pre-vasospasm: early brain injury.- Apoptotic markers in vasospasm after an experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Cerebrospinal fluid soluble Fas and Fas ligand levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Time course of oxyhemoglobin induces apoptosis in mice brain cells in vivo.- Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway attenuates cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage through the suppression of apoptosis.- Oxidative stress in subarachnoid haemorrhage: significance in acute brain injury and vasospasm.- Bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes): synthesis, stability and chemical characteristics.- Vascular contractility changes due to vasospasm induced by periarterial whole blood and thrombocyte rich plasma.- Vasospasm biochemistry.- Vasospasm biochemistry.- The roles of cross-talk mechanisms in the signal transduction systems in the pathophysiology of the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage - what we know and what we do not know.- Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces upregulation of vascular receptors and reduction in rCBF via an ERK1/2 mechanism.- Effect of deferoxamine-activated hypoxia inducible factor-1 on the brainstem following subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Urgosedin downregulates mRNA expression of TNF-? in brain tissue of rats subjected to experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Nucleotide-induced cerebral vasospasm in an in vivo mouse model.- Effects of ADPbetaS on purine receptor expression in mouse cerebral vasculature.- Vasospasm electrophysiology.- Electrophysiology of cerebral vasospasm.- Cellular basis of vasospasm: role of small diameter arteries and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.- Acute and chronic effects of oxyhemoglobin on voltage-dependent ion channels in cerebral arteries.- The effect of an intracisternal nimodipine slow-release system on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat.- Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage is completely prevented by L-type calcium channel antagonist in human.- Vasospasm pharmacology.- Vasospasm pharmacology.- Endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor versus cerebrovasospasm.- A pharmacokinetic study of clazosentan in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the interaction between clazosentan and nimodipine in healthy subjects.- Attenuation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and cerebral vasospasm in rabbits subjected to experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage by CGS 26303.- The effect of 17?-estradiol in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and endothelin-1 production after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Dysfunction of nitric oxide synthases as a cause and therapeutic target in delayed cerebral vasospasm after SAH.- An adenosine A1 receptor agonist preserves eNOS expression and attenuates cerebrovasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Vasospasm molecular biology.- Gene transfer after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a tool and potential therapy.- Direct protein transduction method to cerebral arteries by using 11R: new strategy for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase-11R protein therapy for prevention of cerebral vasospasm in rats: a preliminary report.- Microarray analysis of hemolysate-induced differential gene expression in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC).- Vasospasm remodeling.- Role of vascular remodeling in cerebral vasospasm.- Possible role of tenascin-C in cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Ecdysterone-sensitive smooth muscle cell proliferation stimulated by conditioned medium of endothelial cells cultured with bloody cerebrospinal fluid.- The effect of oxyhemoglobin on the proliferation and migration of cultured vascular advential fibroblasts.- The effect of oxyhemoglobin on the proliferation and migration of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.- Comparison of three measurement methods for basilar artery with neurological changes in rabbits subjected to experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Vasospasm diagnostic.- Vasospasm diagnosis strategies.- Continuous evaluation of regional oxygen saturation in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage using INVOS (R), portable near infrared spectrography.- Automated voxel-based analysis of brain perfusion SPECT for vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Angiographic scale for evaluation of cerebral vasospasm.- CT evaluation of late cerebral infarction after operation for ruptured cerebral aneurysm.- Elevated intracranial pressure or subarachnoid blood responsible for reduction in cerebral blood flow after SAH.- Magnetic resonance imaging in the canine double-haemorrhage subarachnoid haemorrhage model.- Perfusion/diffusion-weighted imaging protocol for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm and management of treatment after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Diffusion and perfusion MRI findings with clinical correlation in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage related vasospasm.- Correlation of end-tidal CO2 with transcranial Doppler flow velocity is decreased during chemoregulation in delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage - results of a pilot study.- A diagnostic flowchart, including TCD, Xe-CT and angiography, to improve the diagnosis of vasospasm critically affecting cerebral blood flow in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, sedated and ventilated.- Basilar artery vasospasm: diagnosis and grading by transcranial Doppler.- Predictive value of transcranial Doppler to detect clinical vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Vasospasm medical treatment.- Intravenous magnesium sulfate after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of published data.- Hypomagnesemia after ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms: predictive factor and pathophysiological implication.- The role of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of vasospasm in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Fasudil (a rho-kinase inhibitor) may specifically increase rCBF in spastic area.- Multimodality therapy for cerebral vasospasm after SAH: importance of intensive care and intraarterial injection of fasudil hydrochloride.- The effect of KMUVS-1 on experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced cerebrovasospasm.- Role of statins in cerebral vasospasm.- Treatment of cerebral vasospasm with cilostazol in subarachnoid haemorrhage model.- Ecdysterone attenuates vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage in rabbits.- Vasospasm chemical surgery.- Clot-clearance rate in the sylvian cistern is associated with severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Simultaneous head rotation and lumboventricular lavage in patients after severe subarachnoid haemorrhage: an initial analysis of the influence on clot clearance rate and cerebral vasospasm.- Intrathecal urokinase infusion through a microcatheter into the cisterna magna to prevent cerebral vasospasm: experimental study in dogs.- Microcatheter intrathecal urokinase infusion into cisterna magna for prevention of cerebral vasospasm.- Prevention of symptomatic vasospasm - effect of continuous cisternal irrigation with urokinase and ascorbic acid.- Cisternal washing therapy for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following SAH: analysis of 308 consecutive cases with Fisher group 3 SAH.- Surgical treatment.- Questionable value of decompressive craniectomy after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Low incidence of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a comparison between surgical repairs and endovascular coil occlusions.- Microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.- Coil embolization decrease the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm, except in patients with poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Endovascular therapy of cerebral vasospasm: two year experience with angioplasty and/or intraarterial administration of nicardipine and verapamil.- Utility of intra-arterial nimodipine for cerebral vasospasm.- Intra-arterial nicardipine successfully relieved post-subarachnoid hemorrhage cerebral vasospasm during aneurysm embolization: a case report.- Prognosis.- Evaluating the factors affecting cerebral vasospasm in patients after aneurysmal subarachonoid haemorrhage.- Is cerebral salt wasting after subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by bleeding?.- Relationship between the development of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and the levels of dendroaspis natriuretic peptide in body fluids.- An abrupt fall in blood pressure in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.- C-reactive protein might predict outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Factors affecting the incidence and severity of vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Basilar artery vasospasm: impact on outcome.- Change of management results in good-grade aneurysm patients.- Quantification of transient ischemic and metabolic events in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Other vasospasm.- Pediatric subarachnoid haemorrhage.- Childhood intracranial aneurysms.- Pediatric cerebral aneurysms: a report of 9 cases.- Intracranial aneurysms during childhood and puberty.- Vasospasm in traumatic brain injury.- Traumatic vasospasm.- Cerebral vasospasm in diffuse axonal injury patients.- The effects of nimopidine on platelet aggregation in severe head injury.- "Street drugs" and subarachnoid haemorrhage.