Main description:

This volume contains 93 papers from internationally recognized experts in the field of brain edema and brain injury. The papers include human and animal studies on edema following stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury and hydrocephalus. Papers also address fluid dynamics in the brain (including the role of aquaporins).

Contents:

Human Brain Injury.- Surgical management of early massive edema caused by cerebral contusion in head trauma patients.- BrainIT: a trans-national head injury monitoring research network.- Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: outcome following protocol-driven therapy.- Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study (www.RESCUEicp.com).- Cerebral hemisphere asymmetry in cerebrovascular regulation in ventilated traumatic brain injury.- Traumatic brain edema in diffuse and focal injury: cellular or vasogenic?.- CT prediction of contusion evolution after closed head injury: the role of pericontusional edema.- Organ dysfunction assessment score for severe head injury patients during brain hypothermia.- Importance of cerebral perfusion pressure management using cerebrospinal drainage in severe traumatic brain injury.- Acute hemispheric swelling associated with thin subdural hematomas: pathophysiology of repetitive head injury in sports.- Rewarming following accidental hypothermia in patients with acute subdural hematoma: case report.- Clinical characteristics of postoperative contralateral intracranial hematoma after traumatic brain injury.- Human Intracranial Hemorrhage.- Diagnostic impact of the spectrum of ischemic cerebral blood flow thresholds in sedated subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.- Pharmacological brain cooling with indomethacin in acute hemorrhagic stroke: antiinflammatory cytokines and antioxidative effects.- The significance of crossovers after randomization in the STICH trial.- Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the STICH trial.- Changes in coagulative and fibrinolytic activities in patients with intracranial hemorrhage.- The effect of hematoma removal for reducing the development of brain edema in cases of putaminal hemorrhage.- Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in humans: hematoma enlargement, clot lysis, and brain edema.- Evaluation of acute perihematomal regional apparent diffusion coefficient abnormalities by diffusion-weighted imaging.- Reperfusion of low attenuation areas complicating subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Human Cerebral Ischemia.- Stroke in the young: relationship of active cocaine use with stroke mechanism and outcome.- Brain oxygen metabolism may relate to the temperature gradient between the jugular vein and pulmonary artery after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.- Imaging/Monitoring.- Intracranial pressure monitoring: modeling cerebrovascular pressure transmission.- Use of ICM+ software for on-line analysis of intracranial and arterial pressures in head-injured patients.- Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure after head injury.- Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.- The temporal profile of edema formation differs between male and female rats following diffuse traumatic brain injury.- The effect of intravenous fluid replacement on the response to mannitol in experimental cerebral edema: an analysis of intracranial pressure, serum osmolality, serum electrolytes, and brain water content.- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with blood-brain barrier opening and brain edema formation after cortical contusion in rats.- Delayed precursor cell marker response in hippocampus following cold injury-induced brain edema.- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor does not affect contusion size, brain edema or cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentrations in rats following controlled cortical impact.- Unilateral spatial neglect and memory deficit associated with abnormal ?-amyloid precursor protein accumulation after lateral fluid percussion injury in Mongolian gerbils.- Alteration of gap junction proteins (connexins) following lateral fluid percussion injury in rats.- Zinc protoporphyrin IX attenuates closed head injury-induced edema formation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and serotonin levels in the rat.- A novel neuroprotective compound FR901459 with dual inhibition of calcineurin and cyclophilins.- Search for novel gene markers of traumatic brain injury by time differential microarray analysis.- Diffusion tensor feature in vasogenic brain edema in cats.- Bolus tracer delivery measured by MRI confirms edema without blood-brain barrier permeability in diffuse traumatic brain injury.- Experimental Intracranial Hemorrhage.- Delayed profound local brain hypothermia markedly reduces interleukin-1? gene expression and vasogenic edema development in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.- Alterations in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in the iron deficient rat.- Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Iron-induced oxidative brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.- Deferoxamine reduces CSF free iron levels following intracerebral hemorrhage.- Up-regulation of brain ceruloplasmin in thrombin preconditioning.- Hydrocephalus in a rat model of intraventricular hemorrhage.- Early hemostatic therapy using recombinant factor VIIa in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats.- Effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogen on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain damage in rats.- Dopamine changes in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.- Intracerebral hemorrhage in complement C3-deficient mice.- Systemic zinc protoporphyrin administration reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury.- Experimental Cerebral Ischemia.- Restitution of ischemic injuries in penumbra of cerebral cortex after temporary ischemia.- Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 attenuates mitochondrial cytochrome C release in cortical neurons following in vitro ischemia.- Controlled normothermia during ischemia is important for the induction of neuronal cell death after global ischemia in mouse.- Ex vivo measurement of brain tissue viscoelasticity in postischemic brain edema.- Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on blood-brain barrier integrity following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.- Increased substance P immunoreactivity and edema formation following reversible ischemic stroke.- Micro-blood-brain barrier openings and cytotoxic fragments of amyloid precursor protein accumulation in white matter after ischemic brain injury in long-lived rats.- Time profile of eosinophilic neurons in the cortical layers and cortical atrophy.- Forebrain ischemia and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.- Neurological dysfunctions versus apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 abnormality after transient focal cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils.- Progressive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis after chronic ischemic hypoperfusion in rat.- Intracerebral administration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase antiserum attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced blood-brain barrier permeability, brain edema formation, and sensory motor disturbances in the rat.- Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.- Long-term cognitive and neuropsychological symptoms after global cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils.- Protective effect of the V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 on brain edema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.- Experimental Spinal Cord Injury.- Topical application of dynorphin A (1-17) antibodies attenuates neuronal nitric oxide synthase up-regulation, edema formation, and cell injury following focal trauma to the rat spinal cord.- Histamine receptors influence blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, edema formation, and spinal cord blood flow following trauma to the rat spinal cord.- Post-injury treatment with a new antioxidant compound H-290/51 attenuates spinal cord trauma-induced c-fos expression, motor dysfunction, edema formation, and cell injury in the rat.- Post-traumatic application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glia-derived neurotrophic factor on the rat spinal cord enhances neuroprotection and improves motor function.- Chronic spinal nerve ligation induces microvascular permeability disturbances, astrocytic reaction, and structural changes in the rat spinal cord.- Hydrocephalus.- Gravitational valves: relevant differences with different technical solutions to counteract hydrostatic pressure.- Brain tissue water content in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.- Predictors of outcome in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus.- On the optimal opening pressure of hydrostatic valves in cases of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective randomized study with 123 patients.- Outcome predictors for normal-pressure hydrocephalus.- First clinical experiences in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus with the adjustable gravity valve manufactured by Aesculap (proGAVAesculap (R)).- Decompressive craniectomy for severe head injury in patients with major extracranial injuries.- Clinical outcome of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus three years after shunt implantation.- Is it possible to optimize treatment of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by implanting an adjustable Medos Hakim valve in combination with a Miethke shunt assistant?.- Aquaporins.- Increased seizure duration in mice lacking aquaporin-4 water channels.- Modulation of AQP4 expression by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate, decreases ischemia-induced brain edema.- Astrocytes co-express aquaporin-1, -4, and vascular endothelial growth factor in brain edema tissue associated with brain contusion.- Magnesium restores altered aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity following traumatic brain injury to a pre-injury state.- Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity.- Positive selective brain cooling method: a novel, simple, and selective nasopharyngeal brain cooling method.- Mechanism of neuroprotective effect induced by QingKaiLing as an adjuvant drug in rabbits with E. coli bacterial meningitis.- Acceleration of chemokine production from endothelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide in hyperglycemic condition.- Photodynamic therapy increases brain edema and intracranial pressure in a rabbit brain tumor model.- Whole-body hyperthermia in the rat disrupts the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and induces brain edema.- ICP, CSF, and the Cerebrovasculature.- Dynamics of cerebral venous and intracranial pressures.- Effects of angiopoietin-1 on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the mouse brain.- Inflammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors.- Atrial natriuretic peptide: its putative role in modulating the choroid plexus-CSF system for intracranial pressure regulation.